Why can a single sexual partner still be infected with HPV

A single sexual partner may still be infected with HPV, mainly due to factors such as long incubation period of the virus, indirect contact infection, weakened immunity, skin and mucosal damage, and previous infections that have not been cleared. HPV infection is not only transmitted through sexual activity, but daily close contact can also lead to virus transmission.

1. Long incubation period of the virus

HPV infection may have a incubation period of several months, during which infected individuals have no obvious symptoms but are contagious. If the current partner has already carried the virus before the establishment of the relationship, even if they maintain a single sexual partner relationship, it may still be transmitted through sexual contact. Regular physical examinations can help detect latent infections.

2. Indirect contact infection

virus can be indirectly transmitted through contaminated items, such as sharing towels, toilets, etc. HPV can survive for a long time in humid environments, and if it comes into contact with objects contaminated with the virus and touches the genital area, it may cause infection. Keeping personal items exclusively for designated personnel can reduce risks.

3. Decreased immunity

When the human immune system function weakens, latent HPV viruses may be reactivated. Long term stress, staying up late, chronic diseases, and other factors can all affect immunity. Regular sleep, balanced nutrition, and moderate exercise help maintain normal immune system function.

4. Skin and mucosal damage

Small incisions in the genital area can increase the probability of virus invasion, and daily behaviors such as shaving and clothing friction may cause skin damage that is not visible to the naked eye. Mucosal damage is more likely to occur during sexual activity, and using lubricants can reduce the damage caused by friction.

5. Previous infections not cleared

Some HPV infections may persist and not be completely cleared, and symptoms may recur even without a new partner. 90% of HPV infections can be cleared by the immune system within 2 years, but high-risk viruses are more prone to persistent infection. Regular screening can monitor changes in infection status.

To prevent HPV infection, it is necessary to establish multiple protective awareness. In addition to regular sexual partners, it is recommended that the appropriate age group receive the HPV vaccine. Vaccines can prevent various high-risk viral infections, and the best vaccination time is before the first sexual intercourse. Infected individuals can still receive vaccines to prevent other types of infections. In daily life, attention should be paid to genital hygiene to avoid excessive cleaning that damages the mucosal barrier. Although using condoms during sexual activity cannot completely block the transmission of HPV, it can significantly reduce the risk of infection. Women over 30 years old are recommended to undergo regular cervical cancer screening to detect precancerous lesions in a timely manner. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help enhance immunity and promote virus clearance.