Will AIDS be checked in physical examination

Routine physical examination usually does not include AIDS testing, but AIDS virus can be screened through special examination. AIDS detection mainly includes enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chemiluminescence method, rapid detection method, nucleic acid detection, immunoblotting test and other methods. AIDS is a chronic infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus infection, mainly through sexual contact, blood transmission and mother to child transmission.

1. Enzyme linked immunosorbent test

Enzyme linked immunosorbent test is a common method for AIDS screening. It is used to detect HIV antibody in blood to determine whether it is infected. This method has high sensitivity, but there is a window period where antibodies can only be detected 2-6 weeks after infection. If the result is positive, further confirmation tests are required. There is no need to fast before the examination, and the report can be issued 3-5 working days after blood collection. This method is applicable to various physical examination institutions and hospital laboratories.

2. Chemiluminescence method

The chemiluminescence method uses chemiluminescence labeling technology to detect HIV antibodies, which has the characteristics of high automation and stable results. This method has a short window period and can be detected about 18 days after infection, with an accuracy rate of over 99%. The testing process requires professional instrument operation, and results can usually be obtained within 2 hours. Chemiluminescence is mostly used for AIDS screening in large hospitals and CDC.

3. Rapid detection method

Rapid detection methods include colloidal gold method and immunochromatography, and results can be obtained in 15-30 minutes. This method is easy to operate and suitable for emergency testing and primary medical institutions, but its accuracy is slightly lower than laboratory testing. The test sample can be blood, saliva, or urine, and positive results need to be confirmed by the laboratory. Rapid testing may result in false positives and is not recommended as a basis for diagnosis.

4. Nucleic acid testing

Nucleic acid testing directly detects pathogens by amplifying HIV virus RNA, with a minimum window period of 7-10 days. This method has the highest sensitivity and can be used for early diagnosis and maternal infant blockade, but it is costly and requires specialized laboratories. Nucleic acid testing can quantitatively evaluate viral load and is an important indicator for monitoring treatment efficacy. Suitable for early screening and diagnosis of difficult cases after high-risk exposure.

5. Western blot test

Western blot test is the gold standard for the diagnosis of AIDS, which can distinguish HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection. This method has strong specificity and can detect various viral protein antibodies, but the operation is complex and time-consuming. Usually used as a confirmation test after screening positive, the results need to be interpreted by professional physicians. Immunoblotting tests are conducted at all levels of disease control centers and designated medical institutions.

AIDS testing is a voluntary counseling and testing service. It is recommended that high-risk actors take the initiative to carry out special examinations. Unsafe sexual behavior should be avoided in daily life, syringes should not be shared with others, and wounds should be disinfected and bandaged in a timely manner. If high-risk exposure occurs, blocking drugs can be used within 72 hours to reduce the risk of infection. Confirmed infected individuals should receive antiviral treatment as soon as possible, and their immune function and viral load should be monitored regularly. Medical institutions will strictly protect the privacy of testers and eliminate testing concerns to help prevent and control AIDS.