What to do if high uric acid is found during physical examination

Physical examination shows that high uric acid levels can be intervened through adjusting diet, increasing water intake, controlling weight, limiting alcohol intake, medication treatment, and other methods. Elevated uric acid is usually caused by high purine diet, metabolic abnormalities, reduced renal excretion, genetic factors, drug effects, and other reasons.

1. Adjust diet

Reduce the intake of high purine foods such as animal organs, seafood, and thick meat soup, and choose low purine foods such as low-fat milk, eggs, and fresh vegetables. Avoid rapid weight loss or hunger induced ketone body increase that inhibits uric acid excretion. Daily purine intake is recommended to be controlled below 200 milligrams, and cooking methods such as steaming and stewing can be used to reduce oil intake.

2. Increase water intake

Maintain a daily intake of 2000-3000 milliliters of water to promote uric acid excretion. You can choose alkaline drinks such as plain water, light tea water, lemon water, etc. Avoid sugary drinks and fruit juices, as their fructose competitively inhibits renal uric acid excretion. The effect of drinking water in small quantities is better than drinking water in large quantities.

3. Weight Control

Control body mass index between 18.5-24 through reasonable exercise, and engage in 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise such as brisk walking and swimming per week. Avoid excessive exercise that can cause lactate accumulation and affect uric acid metabolism, and replenish water promptly after exercise. The recommended weight loss rate is 2-4 kilograms per month.

4. Limit Alcohol

Beer and spirits can inhibit uric acid excretion and increase production. It is recommended to quit drinking or limit daily alcohol intake to no more than 25 grams. Red wine has a relatively small impact but still needs to be consumed in moderation. Acetic acid produced by alcohol metabolism competes with uric acid for excretion channels and increases liver purine synthesis.

5. Drug therapy

For patients with ineffective dietary control or blood uric acid levels exceeding 540 micromoles per liter, medications such as allopurinol tablets and febuxostat tablets can be used as prescribed to inhibit uric acid production, or medications such as benzbromarone tablets can be used to promote excretion. Patients with gouty stones or renal dysfunction should consider long-term uric acid lowering treatment and regularly monitor liver and kidney function during medication.

Establish a low salt and low-fat diet habit, with a daily salt intake of no more than 5 grams, and prioritize choosing unsaturated fatty acids such as olive oil. Maintain a regular daily routine and avoid staying up late. Pay attention to keeping your joints warm to prevent gout. Perform 1-2 uric acid tests per year, and for those with a history of gout attacks, it is recommended to stabilize blood uric acid at 300-360 micromoles per liter. Metabolic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes should be controlled simultaneously.