What tests do boys need to undergo during a physical examination

During male physical examinations, blood routine, urine routine, liver function, kidney function, blood glucose, blood lipids, electrocardiogram, abdominal ultrasound, thyroid function, prostate specific antigen and other tests are usually required.

1. Blood routine

Blood routine is one of the most common physical examination items, which can understand the quantity, morphology, and hemoglobin levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, and help determine whether there is anemia, infection, and blood system diseases. Low red blood cell count and hemoglobin content may indicate anemia, while abnormal increase or decrease in white blood cell count may be related to infections, blood diseases, and immune disorders. This examination can be completed by collecting a small amount of venous blood, and fasting is usually not required before blood collection, which has important reference value for health assessment.

2. Urine routine examination

Urine routine examination can reflect the health status of the urinary system, and evaluate kidney function and metabolism through indicators such as protein, glucose, red blood cells, white blood cells, and urine specific gravity in urine. Abnormal increase of white blood cells may indicate urinary tract infection, positive urine protein may be related to kidney disease, and positive urine sugar should be alert to the possibility of diabetes. The results of mid morning urine testing are more accurate. Before the examination, it is important to avoid vigorous exercise and excessive drinking, which is of great screening significance for early detection of urinary system diseases.

3. Liver function

Liver function tests include indicators such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, etc., which can evaluate liver synthesis, metabolism, and detoxification function. Elevated transaminase levels are common in hepatitis, fatty liver, and drug-induced liver injury, while decreased albumin levels may be associated with malnutrition and chronic liver disease. This examination requires fasting blood collection. Three days before the examination, alcohol consumption and high-fat diet should be avoided. Long term medication users should inform their doctors in advance, which has important clinical value for early screening of liver and gallbladder diseases.

4. Renal function

Renal function tests mainly include indicators such as blood creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, which can reflect the ability of the kidneys to excrete waste and regulate water and electrolyte balance. The increase of creatinine indicates that the glomerular filtration function is damaged, and high uric acid may cause gout. Patients with long-term hypertension and diabetes need regular monitoring. The examination should be conducted on an empty stomach, and vigorous exercise and high protein diet should be avoided before the examination, which plays a key role in the early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease and renal function assessment.

5. Prostate specific antigen

Prostate specific antigen is a specific tumor marker for prostate cancer, and it is recommended to test it annually for men over 50 years old. Mild elevation of PSA levels may be seen in prostatitis or hyperplasia, while significant elevation should alert to the possibility of prostate cancer, and further evaluation should be conducted in conjunction with digital rectal examination and imaging. 48 hours before blood collection, activities such as cycling and sexual activity that may affect the results should be avoided, and fasting is not necessary for examination. This is of great significance for prostate health screening in middle-aged and elderly men. Three days before the physical examination, a light diet should be maintained, alcohol consumption and vigorous exercise should be avoided, and fasting for 8-12 hours on the day of the examination. Wearing loose clothing is convenient for examination, and those with a history of chronic illness or long-term medication need to carry their medical records with them. According to age and medical history, targeted additional items such as cardiac ultrasound, bone density, and gastroscopy can be added. It is recommended to establish a regular annual physical examination habit, and any abnormal indicators in the examination report should be promptly followed up by a specialist. Daily attention should be paid to regular sleep, balanced nutrition, and moderate exercise.