What items are checked in physical examinations for males

The routine physical examination for men mainly includes blood routine, urine routine, liver function, kidney function, blood lipid and blood glucose testing, electrocardiogram, abdominal ultrasound, chest X-ray, prostate specific antigen examination, etc. The physical examination items can be personalized according to age, occupation, family history, etc. It is recommended that males over 40 years old increase their gastrointestinal endoscopy and tumor marker screening.

1. Blood routine examination

Blood routine examination includes indicators such as red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count and classification, platelet count, etc., which can screen for anemia, infection, and blood system diseases. Men who smoke or come into contact with chemicals for a long time should pay attention to the proportion of neutrophils, and manual laborers should focus on monitoring their hemoglobin levels. If abnormalities are found, further bone marrow puncture or iron metabolism examination may be necessary.

2. Routine urine

Routine urine can detect urinary system infection, nephritis or diabetes early by detecting urinary specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, occult blood and other items. Men engaged in high-temperature work are prone to developing crystalline urine, and those who sit for long periods of time in the office should pay attention to their urine occult blood indicators. Abnormal results should be diagnosed by combining urinary microalbumin or urine culture.

3. Liver function

Liver function examination includes indicators such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, etc., to evaluate liver metabolism and detoxification function. Men who frequently socialize should pay attention to their levels of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and obese individuals should be alert to elevated transaminase levels caused by fatty liver. Abnormal individuals are advised to improve hepatitis virus screening and liver ultrasound examination.

4. Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram can detect cardiac abnormalities such as arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia. Men in high-pressure workplaces need to pay attention to ST segment changes, as athletes may experience physiological sinus bradycardia. When there is suspicion of abnormality, dynamic electrocardiogram or exercise stress test should be performed, and if necessary, cardiac ultrasound examination should be performed.

5. Prostate examination

Prostate specific antigen and digital rectal examination are important screening methods for prostate cancer. Men over 50 years old should undergo PSA testing annually, and those with a family history should reach the age of 45 in advance. Elevated PSA should be further evaluated in combination with free PSA ratio and prostate magnetic resonance imaging to avoid excessive biopsy.

It is recommended to maintain a light diet and avoid vigorous exercise and alcohol consumption for 3 days before the physical examination. Long term medication users should inform their doctors of their medication history, and hypertensive patients should take antihypertensive drugs normally on the day of their physical examination. Abnormal indicators in the physical examination report need to be rechecked under the guidance of a specialist, and some items such as Helicobacter pylori testing need to be performed on an empty stomach. Establishing annual physical examination records can help compare trends in indicator changes. After the age of 40, it is recommended to increase screening for geriatric diseases such as bone density and carotid artery ultrasound.