What is the urine routine examination for physical examination

Physical examination urine routine mainly checks the physical properties, chemical composition, and visible components of urine, including urine specific gravity, pH, urine protein, urine sugar, urine ketones, urine bilirubin, urine bilinogen, red blood cells, white blood cells, and other items.

Urine routine examination can reflect the condition of the urinary system and indirectly evaluate systemic metabolic function. The urine specific gravity reflects the renal concentration function, and the normal range is between 1.015-1.025. The measurement of urine acidity and alkalinity is related to diet and metabolic status. Abnormal proteinuria can be found by urine protein test, and high urine sugar may indicate diabetes. Urinary ketone body positive may be due to hunger or diabetes ketosis. Urinary bilirubin and urobilinogen are sensitive indicators of liver and gallbladder diseases. Excessive red blood cells may indicate urinary system bleeding. Increased white blood cell count usually reflects an inflammatory response in the urinary system. When the above indicators are abnormal, a comprehensive judgment should be made based on clinical manifestations. Before a urine test, it is advisable to avoid vigorous exercise or keeping urine during menstruation, as a mid stream urine sample is more accurate. When abnormal results are found, retesting is necessary for confirmation, and if necessary, further examinations such as urine culture, renal function, or imaging may be performed.

To ensure the accuracy of urine routine test results, it is recommended to avoid consuming excessive vitamin C supplements or foods containing pigments the day before the test, and to take the first mid morning urine sample. Urine samples should be sent for testing within half an hour to avoid prolonged storage that may affect the results. If continuous abnormalities are found in indicators such as urine protein and red blood cells, it is necessary to promptly seek medical attention from the nephrology or urology department to investigate the cause. Usually, it is important to drink plenty of water to keep the urinary tract unobstructed, avoid holding urine for a long time, and prevent urinary system infections.