What is the reason for HPV infection during physical examination

Physical examination revealed that HPV infection may be related to factors such as sexual contact infection, weakened immune system, skin and mucous membrane contact, mother to child transmission, and shared items. Intervention can be achieved through enhancing immunity, drug therapy, physical therapy, surgical treatment, and regular follow-up. HPV infection usually presents with symptoms such as skin and mucosal warts, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and increased secretions, and the risk needs to be evaluated based on specific subtypes.

1. Sexual contact infection

HPV is mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse, including vaginal, anal, or oral contact. High risk HPV16 and 18 are closely related to cervical cancer and may cause cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, manifested as contact bleeding or abnormal vaginal discharge. Recombinant human interferon alpha-2b suppositories are commonly used in clinical practice to inhibit virus replication, and combined with Baofukang suppositories to improve local inflammation. If necessary, cervical conization is performed to remove the affected tissue. Using condoms can reduce the probability of transmission.

2. Low immunity

Long term use of immunosuppressants, HIV infection, or staying up late stress can lead to impaired immune function and increase the risk of persistent HPV infection. Patients may develop genital warts or flat warts, commonly found on the genitals or around the anus. Topical application of imiquimod cream can stimulate local immune response, combined with oral administration of thymosin enteric coated tablets to regulate immunity. Intractable warts can be treated with carbon dioxide laser vaporization. Maintaining a regular daily routine helps the immune system recover.

3. Skin and mucous membrane contact

Contact with infected individuals' towels, underwear, and other items may spread low-risk HPV6 and 11, causing common warts or genital warts. Typical manifestations include rough papules or cauliflower like growths. Localized application of podophyllotoxin tincture can cause necrosis and detachment of the wart, combined with cryotherapy to destroy the affected tissue. Avoid scratching to prevent self vaccination and transmission. Family members should use bathing products separately.

4. Maternal to child transmission

HPV infection in the birth canal of pregnant women may lead to neonatal laryngeal papillomas, which can be caused by the baby coming into contact with the virus through the birth canal during delivery. The child may experience hoarseness or difficulty breathing, and the lesion needs to be removed through laryngoscopy surgery. Discovery of HPV infection during pregnancy does not require termination of pregnancy, but regular vaginal colposcopy examination is necessary. HPV vaccination can be administered after childbirth to prevent reinfection.

5. Shared items

Public bathhouses, swimming pools, and other places may indirectly transmit HPV through environmental pollution, but the probability is low. This type of infection often causes common warts on the hands and feet, manifested as hard keratinized papules. Salicylic acid ointment can be used topically to soften keratin, combined with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. Stubborn lesions require surgical scraping. Pay attention to keeping the skin intact to avoid virus invasion, and it is recommended to use personal protective equipment in public places. HPV infected individuals should ensure daily intake of high-quality protein and dark vegetables, and supplement selenium and vitamin E appropriately to enhance antioxidant capacity. Avoid behaviors that damage immunity such as smoking and drinking, and use condoms during sexual activity to reduce the risk of transmission. Women over 30 years old are recommended to undergo cervical TCT testing every 3 years and receive HPV vaccine to prevent uninfected subtypes. When there is enlargement of warts, abnormal secretions, or contact bleeding, timely follow-up is necessary. For persistent high-risk infections, the risk of cancer should be evaluated through vaginal colposcopy biopsy.