What is the reason for a plus sign in female urine protein during physical examination

Female physical examination found that a plus sign of urine protein may be related to physiological or pathological factors, and the common reasons are strenuous exercise, fever, urinary system infection, glomerulonephritis, diabetes nephropathy, etc. Suggest rechecking urine routine and completing relevant tests such as kidney function and blood glucose.

1. Physiological factors

Temporary proteinuria may occur after intense exercise or fever, which is related to a temporary increase in glomerular filtration membrane permeability. Usually there are no other discomfort symptoms, and after sufficient rest or fever reduction, the urine protein can turn negative upon re examination. Long term high-intensity exercise should be avoided in daily life, and water should be replenished in a timely manner when fever occurs.

2. Urinary system infections

Urinary system infections such as cystitis and urethritis may lead to positive urine protein, often accompanied by symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and pain. Common pathogens include Escherichia coli, Proteus, etc. Antibacterial drugs such as levofloxacin tablets and cefixime dispersible tablets can be used according to the doctor's advice, together with traditional Chinese patent medicines and simple preparations such as Sanjin tablets.

3. Glomerulonephritis

Acute or chronic glomerulonephritis can cause pathological proteinuria, which may be accompanied by hematuria, edema, and hypertension. The onset of the disease is related to factors such as streptococcal infection and autoimmune abnormalities. The pathological type needs to be determined through renal puncture, and commonly used drugs include Huangkui capsules, valsartan capsules, prednisone acetate tablets, etc.

4. diabetes nephropathy

Long term poor blood glucose control can lead to thickening of glomerular basement membrane and microalbuminuria. The early manifestation is urinary protein ±+, and it may progress to a large amount of proteinuria in the later stage. Strict control of blood sugar and blood pressure is necessary, and the use of atorvastatin calcium tablets, benazepril hydrochloride tablets, and other medications can protect kidney function.

5. Pregnancy related factors

Physiological proteinuria during pregnancy is related to uterine compression of renal veins, while gestational hypertension is pathological. Blood pressure and urinary protein changes need to be monitored. Patients with preeclampsia should use medications such as labetalol tablets and magnesium sulfate injection, and terminate pregnancy if necessary.

If urine protein is positive, one should avoid a high salt and high protein diet and maintain a daily water intake of 1500-2000 milliliters. It is recommended to take mid stream urine for a follow-up examination in the morning 3-7 days later. If there are persistent abnormalities, 24-hour urine protein quantification, renal ultrasound, and other examinations should be completed. Pregnant women who are preparing for pregnancy or have proteinuria should prioritize screening for pregnancy related diseases, and all medication treatments should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor.