What indicators to check for blood sugar during physical examination

The physical examination of blood glucose mainly includes indicators such as fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and random blood glucose. Abnormal blood sugar may be related to factors such as insufficient insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and improper diet, usually manifested as symptoms such as excessive drinking, polyuria, and weight loss.

1. Fasting blood glucose

Fasting blood glucose refers to the blood glucose level measured after fasting for 8-12 hours, with a normal range of 3.9-6.1 mmol/L. The increase of fasting blood glucose may be related to pre diabetes or diabetes, which usually needs to be judged in combination with other indicators. Individuals with abnormal fasting blood sugar may experience symptoms such as thirst and fatigue. It is recommended to regularly monitor and adjust their dietary structure.

2. 2-hour postprandial blood glucose

2-hour postprandial blood glucose reflects the ability to regulate blood glucose after eating, and the normal value should be below 7.8 mmol/L. The abnormality of this indicator indicates that there may be impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, often accompanied by overeating, blurred vision and other symptoms. Timing should start from the first bite of food during testing to avoid vigorous exercise affecting the accuracy of the results.

3. Glycated hemoglobin

Glycated hemoglobin reflects the average blood glucose level in the past 2-3 months, with a normal value of 4% -6%. This index is not affected by short-term diet and is an important basis for diagnosis and efficacy evaluation of diabetes. If the value exceeds 6.5%, it may indicate diabetes, which is often accompanied by slow wound healing and other symptoms, and it needs to be diagnosed in combination with other examinations.

4. Random blood glucose

Random blood glucose refers to the blood glucose level measured at any time, which should normally be below 11.1mmol/L. This indicator is used for emergency screening. If there are typical symptoms and random blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L, it can be preliminarily determined as diabetes. It is not necessary to fast before testing, but attention should be paid to factors such as stress and infection that may cause temporary elevation.

5. Other related indicators

Oral glucose tolerance test can evaluate pancreatic function, and insulin release test can determine insulin secretion ability. These checks require specialized medical equipment and are usually performed after initial screening for abnormalities. Abnormal indicators may manifest as symptoms such as obvious hunger and itching on the skin, and the results need to be interpreted by an endocrinologist.

It is recommended to maintain a regular diet, limit refined sugar and saturated fat intake, and increase whole grains and vegetables in moderation. Engage in 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise per week, such as brisk walking, swimming, and other aerobic activities. Avoid staying up late and excessive stress, and regularly monitor changes in blood sugar. If the indicators continue to be abnormal or there are obvious symptoms, it is necessary to seek medical attention promptly at the endocrinology department and follow the doctor's advice for medication treatment or lifestyle intervention. Patients with diabetes need to pay special attention to foot care and regular fundus examination.