What does high INR mean among the four coagulation parameters?

A high INR in the four coagulation parameters usually indicates prolonged blood clotting time, which may be related to factors such as anticoagulant use, vitamin K deficiency, and abnormal liver function. INR stands for International Normalized Ratio, primarily used to monitor the efficacy of anticoagulants such as warfarin.

1. Effects of Anticoagulants

Taking anticoagulants such as warfarin sodium tablets and rivaroxaban tablets can directly interfere with the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, leading to an increase in INR values. These patients need to regularly monitor their INR values and adjust their medication dosage according to the doctor's guidance. If the INR exceeds 3.0, it may increase the risk of bleeding, manifested as symptoms such as gum bleeding and subcutaneous bruising.

2. Vitamin K deficiency

When there is long-term dietary imbalance or fat absorption disorders, insufficient intake of vitamin K can affect the activation of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. This condition may be accompanied by symptoms such as diarrhea and fat soluble vitamin deficiency, which can be improved by supplementing vitamin K1 injection or adjusting diet.

3. Liver diseases

Liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatitis can lead to reduced synthesis of coagulation factors and increased INR. Patients often present with symptoms such as ascites and jaundice, and require the use of liver protective drugs such as compound glycyrrhizin tablets and silibinin capsules. In severe cases, fresh frozen plasma should be infused to supplement coagulation factors.

4. Diffuse intravascular coagulation

During DIC, excessive consumption of coagulation factors can cause a significant increase in INR, which is a critical situation. The patient may experience symptoms such as multiple site bleeding and shock, and urgent treatment of the primary disease is required, along with the use of heparin sodium injection, prothrombin complex, and other medications.

5. Hereditary coagulation disorders

In rare cases, hereditary coagulation factor deficiencies such as hemophilia can lead to abnormal INR. These patients have a tendency to bleed since childhood and need to choose alternative treatments such as human coagulation factor VIII and human fibrinogen based on the specific lack of coagulation factors. When INR is found to be high, the severity should be judged based on specific values and clinical manifestations. Mild elevation may be related to dietary fluctuations. It is recommended to maintain a balanced diet and limit sudden large intake of high vitamin K foods such as spinach. When there is moderate to severe elevation or accompanied by bleeding symptoms, seek medical attention immediately and avoid vigorous exercise and trauma. Long term use of anticoagulant drugs should strictly follow medical advice for re examination and should not adjust medication on their own.