What are the physical examinations for polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome physical examination usually requires examination of six sex hormones, gynecological ultrasound, blood glucose and lipid indicators. The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome mainly relies on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests. Common examination items include six sex hormones, gynecological ultrasound, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin release test, blood lipid testing, etc. It is recommended that patients seek medical attention promptly and complete relevant examinations under the guidance of a doctor.

1. Six Sex Hormones

The six sex hormones include follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and prolactin. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome often experience an increase in the ratio of luteinizing hormone to follicle stimulating hormone and elevated testosterone levels. These abnormal indicators may manifest as symptoms such as infrequent menstruation, acne, and hirsutism. Doctors will determine whether there is an endocrine disorder based on the examination results.

2. Gynecological ultrasound

Gynecological ultrasound can observe the morphology of the ovaries and the number of follicles. The ultrasound features of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome are the presence of 12 or more follicles with a diameter of 2-9 millimeters in one or both ovaries, or an increase in ovarian volume exceeding 10 milliliters. Ultrasound examination can help exclude other gynecological diseases and evaluate the condition of the endometrium.

3. Oral glucose tolerance test

Oral glucose tolerance test is used to evaluate glucose metabolism. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome are often accompanied by insulin resistance, which may lead to abnormal glucose tolerance or even diabetes. This examination requires fasting blood collection and taking 75 grams of glucose to measure blood glucose levels at 0 hours, 1 hour, and 2 hours. Abnormal results indicate the need for intervention in glucose metabolism issues.

4. Insulin release test

Insulin release test can detect insulin secretion function. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome may experience delayed peak insulin secretion or elevated insulin levels. This insulin resistance state may exacerbate hyperandrogenism and affect ovulation function. The examination results can help guide lifestyle interventions or medication treatment.

5. Blood lipid testing

Blood lipid testing includes indicators such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein. Polycystic ovary syndrome patients often have blood lipid abnormalities, especially elevated triglycerides and decreased high-density lipoprotein. These changes may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and require regular monitoring and corresponding intervention measures. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome should pay attention to maintaining a healthy lifestyle in addition to regular physical examinations. It is recommended to control weight and maintain a body mass index within the normal range. Engage in aerobic exercise such as brisk walking, swimming, etc. for at least 150 minutes per week. Choose low glycemic index foods in diet, increase intake of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and limit refined sugars and saturated fats. Ensure adequate sleep and avoid staying up late. Quit smoking, limit alcohol consumption, and reduce caffeine intake. Regularly review relevant indicators, follow medical advice for medication, and do not adjust medication dosage on your own. When menstrual disorders worsen or other discomfort symptoms occur, seek medical attention promptly.