What are the key items for spring physical examination for the elderly

The key items of spring physical examination for elderly people usually include blood pressure measurement, blood glucose testing, blood lipid examination, electrocardiogram examination, bone density testing, etc.

1. Blood pressure measurement

Blood pressure measurement is a basic item for elderly people's spring physical examination, which helps to detect hypertension or hypotension problems in a timely manner. Hypertension may lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, while hypotension may cause symptoms such as dizziness and fatigue. It is recommended to use electronic blood pressure monitors or mercury blood pressure monitors for measurement. Before measurement, one should maintain a quiet state and avoid vigorous exercise or emotional excitement.

2. Blood glucose test

Blood glucose test can screen diabetes or abnormal glucose tolerance. Elderly people are prone to insulin resistance or decreased pancreatic function, and both fasting and postprandial blood glucose should be tested. Before testing, it is necessary to fast for 8-12 hours and avoid consuming sugary foods or drinks. If abnormal blood sugar is found, seek medical attention promptly for further examination of glycated hemoglobin and other indicators.

3. Blood lipid examination

Blood lipid examination includes items such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein. Dyslipidemia is a risk factor of atherosclerosis, which may lead to coronary heart disease and stroke. Before the examination, one should maintain a normal diet for 3 days and avoid high-fat diets. On the day of the examination, fasting for 12 hours is required.

4. Electrocardiogram examination

Electrocardiogram examination can evaluate cardiac electrical activity and detect cardiac problems such as arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia. Common electrocardiogram abnormalities in elderly people include atrial fibrillation, premature beats, conduction block, etc. During the examination, one should maintain calm breathing and avoid speaking or moving their body. If there are symptoms such as chest tightness and palpitations, you should inform the doctor in a timely manner.

5. Bone density testing

Bone density testing is mainly used to screen for osteoporosis. Older people, especially postmenopausal women, experience accelerated bone loss and are prone to fractures. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is currently the most accurate detection method. During testing, metal objects should be avoided and the inspection process should be painless and non-invasive. If bone loss is found, calcium and vitamin D supplementation should be strengthened. After the spring physical examination, elderly people should undergo targeted health management based on the examination results. Maintain a balanced diet, consume high-quality protein and fresh vegetables and fruits in moderation; Persist in moderate exercise such as walking, Tai Chi, etc; Ensure sufficient sleep and avoid staying up late; Regularly monitor blood pressure, blood glucose and other indicators; Follow medical advice, take medication on time, and have regular follow-up appointments. At the same time, pay attention to psychological regulation, maintain an optimistic and positive attitude, and participate in social activities appropriately. If abnormal indicators are found, seek medical attention promptly and do not self medicate or delay treatment.