What are the hazards of high blood pressure

High blood pressure may cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, kidney damage, and vision problems, and in severe cases, it can be life-threatening. Controlling blood pressure requires starting with diet, exercise, medication treatment, and lifestyle adjustments.

1. Increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Long term hypertension can lead to thickening and hardening of blood vessel walls, increase the burden on the heart, and may cause myocardial infarction, heart failure, or stroke. To control blood pressure, it is necessary to reduce salt intake, not exceeding 5 grams per day, and avoid high-fat and high cholesterol foods such as fried foods and animal organs. It is recommended to eat more foods rich in potassium and magnesium, such as bananas, spinach, and nuts.

2. Impairment of renal function. Hypertension can damage the glomeruli and tubules, leading to a decline in kidney function, and in severe cases, it can develop into chronic kidney disease or renal failure. Regularly monitor blood pressure and renal function indicators such as creatinine and urea nitrogen. Protein intake should be controlled in diet, avoiding excessive consumption of red meat and moderate intake of high-quality protein such as fish and soy products.

3. Visual problems. Hypertension may damage retinal blood vessels, leading to blurred vision, retinal bleeding, and even blindness. It is recommended to undergo an annual ophthalmic examination, especially a fundus examination. Drug therapy includes antihypertensive drugs such as calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors, which should be used under the guidance of a doctor.

4. Adjusting lifestyle habits. Maintain a regular schedule, avoid staying up late, and ensure 7-8 hours of sleep per day. Moderate exercise such as brisk walking, swimming, and yoga for at least 150 minutes per week can help lower blood pressure. Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption, limit alcohol intake to no more than 25 grams per day, and avoid excessive drinking.

High blood pressure poses significant health risks and requires comprehensive management to control blood pressure levels. Regular physical examinations, reasonable diet, moderate exercise, and medication treatment are key to preventing and improving hypertension.