What are the general routine physical examination items

The routine physical examination items mainly include basic examinations such as blood routine, urine routine, liver function, kidney function, blood glucose, blood lipids, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound, etc. Some packages may include tumor marker screening or special examinations. The physical examination items need to be adjusted according to age, gender, and personal health status.

1. Blood routine

Blood routine is used to evaluate anemia, infection, and hematological diseases by detecting indicators such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. A hemoglobin level below normal may indicate iron deficiency anemia, and an abnormal increase in white blood cell count should alert to inflammatory reactions. Before the physical examination, there is no need to fast, but after blood collection, the needle hole needs to be pressed to prevent subcutaneous bleeding.

2. Routine urine examination

Routine urine examination: urine color, specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose and other abnormal components can screen urinary system infection or diabetes. Collecting mid stream urine can reduce the probability of contamination, and women should avoid menstrual testing. Positive urine protein may be related to impaired glomerular filtration function.

3. Liver function

Liver function tests include indicators such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, etc., reflecting liver metabolism and detoxification function. Long term alcohol consumption or medication may lead to elevated transaminase levels, and abnormal gamma glutamyl transpeptidase is common in patients with fatty liver. Fasting for 8 hours is required before testing to ensure accuracy.

4. Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram can preliminarily screen for lesions such as atrial fibrillation and myocardial ischemia by recording cardiac electrical activity to determine whether the heart rhythm is abnormal. During the examination, it is necessary to expose the wrist and ankle and paste electrode pads to maintain calm breathing and avoid electromyographic interference. It is recommended to increase dynamic electrocardiogram monitoring for middle-aged and elderly people or those with chest tightness symptoms.

5. Abdominal ultrasound

Abdominal ultrasound can non invasively observe the morphology of organs such as liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen, and detect common lesions such as fatty liver and gallstones. Fasting for 6 hours is required before the examination to reduce gastrointestinal gas interference, and bladder ultrasound requires holding urine in advance. Further enhanced CT is required to confirm the nature of cysts or space occupying lesions. After routine physical examination, a report should be saved for comparison of data changes year by year. Abnormal indicators should be rechecked under the guidance of a specialist doctor. It is recommended to increase gastrointestinal endoscopy and carotid ultrasound screening every 1-2 years for people over 40 years old. For those with a family history, targeted supplementary examinations such as thyroid function and bone density can be conducted. Maintaining a balanced diet and regular exercise on a daily basis can help maintain stable physical examination indicators.