What are the common physical examination items

The common physical examination items mainly include blood routine, urine routine, liver function examination, kidney function examination, electrocardiogram examination, etc.

1. Blood routine

Blood routine is a method of collecting venous blood and detecting indicators such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood, which helps to determine the presence of anemia, infection, hematological diseases, and other conditions. Before the examination, it is necessary to fast for 8-12 hours and avoid vigorous exercise.

2. Routine urine

Routine urine is used to detect protein, sugar, red blood cells, white blood cells and other indicators in the urine by taking the middle part of the urine, which can preliminarily screen urinary system diseases, diabetes, etc. Clean the external genitalia before examination to avoid collecting specimens during menstruation.

3. Liver function test

Liver function test evaluates liver metabolism and detoxification function through blood tests for indicators such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin. Three days before the examination, avoid drinking alcohol and go on an empty stomach on the day of the examination.

4. Renal function test

Renal function test mainly detects indicators such as blood creatinine and urea nitrogen, reflecting renal filtration function. High protein diet should be avoided before examination, and hypertensive patients should take medication normally.

5. Electrocardiogram examination

Electrocardiogram records cardiac electrical activity through electrodes and can detect abnormalities such as arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia. During the examination, it is necessary to maintain calm breathing and avoid tension or immediate examination after exercise. The selection of physical examination items should be personalized based on age, gender, occupational characteristics, and personal health status. It is recommended that people over 40 years old undergo a comprehensive physical examination once a year, with a focus on indicators such as blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood lipids. Maintain a light diet, avoid vigorous exercise, and ensure adequate sleep for 3 days before the physical examination. Women should avoid their menstrual period and pregnant women should inform their doctors in advance. After the physical examination, promptly communicate any abnormal results with the doctor and conduct further examinations if necessary.