Should pathological examination be performed if pancreatic cyst is found during physical examination?

Whether pancreatic cysts require pathological examination depends on the nature of the cyst and the specific condition of the patient. Generally speaking, if it is an asymptomatic simple cyst with a small volume, immediate pathological examination may not be necessary; But if the cyst is large in volume, accompanied by symptoms or suspicious features found on imaging, it is usually recommended to undergo pathological examination to confirm the diagnosis. Pancreatic cysts can be classified into various types, including pseudocysts, serous cystadenomas, mucinous cystadenomas, and intraductal papillary mucinous tumors. Pseudo cysts are usually secondary to pancreatitis or pancreatic injury and can be diagnosed through imaging without the need for pathological examination. Serous cystadenoma is mostly benign, grows slowly, and small asymptomatic serous cystadenoma usually does not require immediate pathological examination. Mucinous cystadenoma and intraductal papillary mucinous tumors have a certain risk of malignant transformation, especially when the cyst diameter exceeds 3 centimeters, the cyst wall thickens, or there are solid components. Pathological examination usually requires fine needle aspiration biopsy or surgical resection guided by endoscopic ultrasound. Pathological examination is particularly important for pancreatic cysts that are large in size, rapidly growing, or accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain, jaundice, and weight loss. These symptoms may indicate that the cyst has become malignant or has developed into pancreatic cancer. In addition, when imaging examination reveals solid nodules, irregular thickening of the cyst wall, or dilation of the main pancreatic duct, pathological examination is also necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Pathological examination can help distinguish between benign and malignant, and guide the development of subsequent treatment plans. Patients with pancreatic cysts should avoid high-fat diets and excessive alcohol consumption in their daily lives to reduce irritation to the pancreas. Regular imaging review and monitoring of cyst changes are also important. If the doctor recommends a pathological examination, one should actively cooperate to clarify the diagnosis and not delay the condition due to concerns about the risks of the examination. Maintaining good lifestyle habits and seeking medical attention promptly when experiencing symptoms such as abdominal pain and indigestion can help with early detection and treatment of pancreatic diseases.