Physical examination items for middle-aged and elderly people

The physical examination items for middle-aged and elderly people mainly include blood routine, urine routine, liver function, kidney function, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound, tumor marker screening, bone density testing, etc. These projects are helpful for early detection of common health problems such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, osteoporosis and malignant tumors.

1. Blood routine

Blood routine can detect indicators such as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, etc., helping to detect anemia, infections, or blood system diseases. Middle aged and elderly people are more prone to anemia or chronic inflammation due to decreased metabolic function and require regular monitoring. If the results are abnormal, further examination of iron metabolism, vitamin B12 levels, etc. may be necessary.

2. Urine routine

Urine routine can reflect the health status of the urinary system and screen for problems such as proteinuria and hematuria. The probability of prostate hyperplasia in middle-aged and elderly men or urinary tract infections in women is higher, and this examination can assist in diagnosis. Persistent proteinuria may indicate renal damage in diabetes or hypertension.

3. Liver function

Liver function tests include indicators such as transaminase and bilirubin to evaluate liver metabolism and detoxification ability. Drug metabolism slows down in middle-aged and elderly people, and long-term medication may cause liver damage. Fatty liver and viral hepatitis are more common in this age group, and abnormal results need to be further investigated with ultrasound.

4. Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram can capture cardiac abnormalities such as arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia. Middle aged and elderly people have a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease, especially those with a history of smoking and hypertension. The combination of resting electrocardiogram and exercise stress test can improve the detection rate of coronary heart disease.

5. Bone density testing

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis. Postmenopausal women and men over 65 years old experience accelerated bone loss and increased risk of fractures. Abnormal test results require supplementation of calcium and vitamin D. In severe cases, anti osteoporosis drugs such as alendronate sodium tablets should be used.

It is recommended that middle-aged and elderly people undergo a comprehensive physical examination once a year, and the selection of items should be based on personal medical history and family genetic risk. Maintain a light diet for 3 days before the physical examination, avoid vigorous exercise, and fast for 8-10 hours. Chronic disease patients can take regular medication with a small amount of water on the day of physical examination, but they need to inform the doctor in advance about the medication situation. After the physical examination, the report should be properly kept, and any abnormal indicators should be rechecked or intervened under the guidance of a specialist doctor.