Physical examination for bilateral thyroid nodules

Physical examination reveals that bilateral thyroid nodules are usually benign lesions, which may be related to abnormal iodine metabolism, inflammatory stimulation, genetic factors, radiation exposure, or autoimmune diseases. It is recommended to clarify the nature through thyroid ultrasound re examination, fine needle aspiration biopsy, etc. It is necessary to avoid high iodine diet in daily life and monitor regularly.

1. Abnormal iodine metabolism

Long term insufficient or excessive iodine intake may induce the formation of thyroid nodules. People in iodine deficient areas are prone to compensatory nodular hyperplasia, while a high iodine diet may inhibit thyroid function. The iodine nutritional status can be evaluated through urine iodine testing, and the intake of iodine rich foods such as seaweed and seaweed can be adjusted. If necessary, levothyroxine sodium tablets can be used under the guidance of a doctor to regulate the function.

2. Inflammatory stimulation

Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and other inflammatory diseases are often accompanied by nodular changes. Patients may exhibit symptoms such as hardened thyroid texture and elevated antibody levels. Diagnosis requires testing for anti thyroid peroxidase antibodies. In the acute phase, prednisone tablets can be used according to medical advice to control inflammation, and combined with Xiaguzi capsules to assist in dispersing nodules and reducing swelling.

3. Genetic factors

Patients with familial non medullary thyroid cancer syndrome have a higher probability of nodular malignancy. Individuals with RET gene mutations need to undergo ultrasound monitoring every six months. If rapid nodule growth or calcification is detected, total thyroidectomy should be performed promptly. After surgery, long-term use of thyroid hormone sodium tablets is required to maintain metabolism.

4. Radiation exposure

Childhood history of head and neck radiation exposure is a clear risk factor, and the malignant transformation rate of such nodules can reach 35%. It is recommended to choose high-frequency ultrasound combined with elastography examination. For nodules of more than 4 types, radiofrequency ablation treatment can be considered, combined with Xiaojin Pill to inhibit nodule progression.

5. About 40% of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis with autoimmune diseases

are accompanied by nodules, characterized by diffuse thyroid enlargement with multiple hypoechoic nodules. The treatment mainly focuses on controlling TSH levels, and selenium yeast tablets can be used to regulate immunity. When combined with hypothyroidism, levothyroxine sodium tablets should be used as a substitute therapy.

It is recommended to re-examine thyroid ultrasound every 6-12 months to observe changes in nodules and avoid neck compression and severe twisting movements. Pay attention to controlling the intake of cruciferous vegetables and limit the daily amount of iodized salt to no more than 6 grams. When there are compression symptoms such as hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, or significant enlargement of nodules in the short term, it is necessary to promptly seek medical attention from the endocrinology department to evaluate surgical indications.