Physical examination, cervical scraping, HPV

Physical examination, cervical scraping, HPV test is mainly used to screen for human papillomavirus infection and is an important means of early screening for cervical cancer. Cervical scraping combined with HPV testing can improve the detection rate of cervical lesions, mainly through methods such as TCT examination, HPV typing test, colposcopy examination, cervical biopsy, and pathological examination.

1. TCT examination

TCT refers to liquid based thin-layer cytology examination, which can detect precancerous lesions such as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by collecting cervical exfoliated cells for pathological analysis. Sexual activity and vaginal medication should be avoided 24 hours before the examination, and the best examination time is 3-7 days after menstruation. If the results are abnormal, further evaluation should be conducted in conjunction with HPV testing.

2. HPV typing testing

detects high-risk subtypes such as HPV16/18 through PCR technology, and persistent infection may induce cervical cancer. Women over 30 years old are recommended to undergo combined TCT screening every 5 years. For those who test positive but have normal TCT, a follow-up examination is required 12 months later. If both tests are positive, vaginal colposcopy examination is required.

3. Vaginal colposcopy

For HPV positive or cytological abnormalities, vaginal colposcopy can magnify and observe changes in cervical blood vessels and epithelium, combined with acetic acid test to locate suspicious lesion areas. The examination may cause mild discomfort, and postoperative bathing and sexual activity should be avoided for one week. If there is excessive bleeding, timely medical attention should be sought.

4. Cervical biopsy

Under the guidance of colposcopy, suspicious tissue is taken for examination, which is the gold standard for diagnosing cervical lesions. Minor bleeding may occur after biopsy, and vigorous exercise should be avoided. Medications such as Baofukang suppositories should be used to prevent infection. The pathological report suggests that CIN grade 2 or above requires conization surgery.

5. Pathological examination

Biopsy tissue is analyzed through paraffin sections and immunohistochemistry to determine the degree of lesions and HPV infection status. Pathological diagnosis can distinguish chronic inflammation, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and high-grade lesions, guiding the development of subsequent treatment plans.

It is recommended that women over the age of 25 who engage in sexual activity undergo regular cervical cancer screening, and receiving the HPV vaccine can prevent more than 70% of cervical cancer. Maintaining a single sexual partner and using condoms can reduce the risk of infection. If abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge occurs, seek medical attention promptly. Pay attention to perineal hygiene in daily life, avoid smoking and long-term oral contraceptives and other risk factors.