Key points of newborn one month physical examination

The key points of newborn one month physical examination include physical development assessment, neurobehavioral development screening, congenital defect screening, feeding guidance, and vaccination verification. The main physical examination items include height and weight measurement, head circumference and chest circumference assessment, jaundice detection, hip joint ultrasound, hearing and vision screening, and primitive reflex testing.

1. Physical development assessment

evaluates nutritional status by measuring data such as weight, body length, and head circumference, and drawing growth curves. Full term infants should gain more than 600 grams in weight, 3-5 centimeters in length, and 2-3 centimeters in head circumference. Delayed growth requires screening for inadequate feeding or metabolic disorders, while rapid growth requires vigilance against the risk of excessive feeding. At the same time, check the skin for common neonatal skin diseases such as eczema and pustules.

2. Neurobehavioral development

tests primitive reflexes such as foraging reflex and grasping reflex, and observes the ability to look up in a prone position. Abnormal reflexes may indicate brain injury and should be judged in conjunction with muscle tone examination. Conduct visual and auditory response tests, observe auditory tracking using a bell, and evaluate visual following ability using a red ball test. Delayed development requires referral to a pediatric rehabilitation department for further evaluation.

3. Congenital defect screening

Heart auscultation is used to screen for congenital heart disease, and hip joint ultrasound is used to diagnose developmental hip dysplasia. Screening for genetic metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism using heel blood. If the jaundice value exceeds 12mg/dl, blood type identification and hemolysis test should be performed. Severe jaundice may require blue light therapy.

4. Feeding guidance

Evaluate breastfeeding posture and sucking efficiency, and guide mothers on dietary and nutritional combinations. Artificial feeding requires calculating whether the daily milk intake meets the standard and observing for intolerance symptoms such as vomiting and bloating. Supplementing with vitamin D to prevent rickets, premature infants need to strengthen iron supplementation. Record the frequency of urination and defecation to determine if intake is sufficient.

5. Immunization verification

Check the second dose of hepatitis B vaccine and BCG vaccination, and explain the follow-up vaccine plan. Check for any adverse reactions such as redness, swelling, hardening, or fever at the vaccination site and take appropriate measures. Remind parents to keep their vaccination certificates safe and participate in subsequent physical examinations on time. Children with special health conditions need to develop individualized vaccination plans. After the full moon physical examination, it is recommended to maintain 2-3 hours of prone training daily to promote physical development and avoid excessive wrapping that may affect limb movement. Breastfeeding mothers should ensure an additional daily calorie intake of 500 calories and supplement with iron rich foods. Pay attention to observing behavioral changes such as sleep cycles and crying patterns, and promptly seek follow-up if any abnormalities are detected. Regularly monitor growth and development until pre-school age, and establish a continuous health record.