Is pulmonary emphysema found during physical examination?

Physical examination findings of abnormal alveoli do not necessarily indicate emphysema. Alveolar abnormalities may be related to emphysema, as well as other lung diseases or physiological changes. Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by destruction of alveolar walls and enlargement of alveolar cavities. Typical symptoms include long-term coughing, shortness of breath after physical activity, and difficulty exhaling. Chest imaging examination shows characteristic changes such as increased lung field transparency and low diaphragm. However, pulmonary alveolar abnormalities discovered solely through physical examination need to be comprehensively judged based on clinical symptoms, lung function tests, and other factors. Early emphysema may only present as mild alveolar dilation, while later stages may show significant lung structural damage. Besides emphysema, abnormal alveoli can also be seen in various conditions. Physiological pulmonary bullae are more common in thin and tall individuals and are usually asymptomatic. Localized emphysema like changes may remain after pulmonary infection. Some occupational lung diseases such as pneumoconiosis can also lead to abnormal alveolar structure. In addition, congenital pulmonary dysplasia, interstitial lung diseases, and other conditions may cause changes in alveolar morphology. These conditions have significant differences in the pathogenesis and prognosis of emphysema.

It is recommended that individuals with abnormal alveoli seek timely medical attention in the respiratory department, complete lung function tests, chest CT scans, and other evaluations. Smokers should quit smoking immediately to avoid respiratory infections. Moderate aerobic exercise can be performed in daily life, but vigorous activity should be avoided. Keep the living environment well ventilated and away from dust and irritating gases. If diagnosed with emphysema, long-term standardized treatment and follow-up should be carried out according to medical advice.