How long does cellular autophagy start on an empty stomach

Autophagy in fasting state usually starts 16-24 hours after fasting, and the specific time is affected by individual metabolic differences, basic health status, exercise intensity, and other factors.

Autophagy is a self repair mechanism in the human body that clears damaged organelles and proteins. During fasting, a decrease in blood glucose levels inhibits the mTOR pathway, thereby activating autophagy related genes. About 16 hours after completely stopping eating, healthy adults' liver glycogen reserves are almost depleted, and at this time, ketone bodies produced by fat breakdown become the main source of energy, and cellular autophagy activity gradually increases. Research has shown that fasting for more than 24 hours can significantly increase autophagy levels, especially in muscle tissue and the brain. There may be differences in the initiation time of autophagy among certain special populations. Insulin resistance may lead to abnormal glycogen metabolism in patients with diabetes, and autophagy activation time may be delayed. People who engage in intermittent fasting for a long time may initiate autophagy earlier than the general population due to enhanced metabolic adaptability. Some gene mutations, such as ATG5 gene defects, may affect autophagy function and require longer periods of fasting to trigger this mechanism.

It is recommended to try intermittent fasting in a gradual manner, starting with a 12 hour fasting period for the first attempt. Moderate exercise and sufficient water intake can enhance autophagy, but pregnant women, patients with hypoglycemia, and individuals with digestive system diseases should avoid prolonged fasting. Before implementation, professional physicians should be consulted to assess individual adaptability and avoid blindly pursuing autophagic effects that may lead to malnutrition or electrolyte imbalances.

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