Can two-dimensional ultrasound detect fetal abnormalities

Two dimensional ultrasound can detect some fetal malformations, but not all fetal malformations can be detected through two-dimensional ultrasound. It is mainly used to screen for common structural abnormalities, but if you want to conduct more comprehensive and accurate fetal malformation screening, it is recommended to choose three-dimensional or four-dimensional color ultrasound combined with genetic testing and other methods for comprehensive evaluation. What fetal malformations can be detected by two-dimensional ultrasound?

Two dimensional ultrasound uses acoustic imaging technology to clearly display the tissue structure and organs of the fetus. For common large structural abnormalities such as anencephaly, spina bifida, hydrocephalus, gastroschisis, abnormal limb development, etc., two-dimensional color ultrasound can usually provide accurate screening information. It can also determine the position of the placenta, amniotic fluid condition, and abnormal conditions of the umbilical cord. Doctors will conduct a preliminary screening of the fetus's gross anatomical structure through routine ultrasound screening during mid pregnancy, usually between 4-6 months of pregnancy.

2 Limitations of Two Dimensional Ultrasound

Two dimensional ultrasound may be difficult to detect for some complex small organ deformities or mild developmental abnormalities due to its flat imaging. For example, abnormalities in the fine structure of the heart, cleft lip and palate, and deformities of some bones or faces. Especially when the maternal fat is thick, the amniotic fluid volume is insufficient, or the fetal position is poor, the image clarity may be affected, further increasing the possibility of missed diagnosis.

3 requires auxiliary examination methods

When suspecting complex abnormalities or familial genetic diseases in the fetus, other advanced technologies can be combined for more detailed screening. For example,

three-dimensional/four-dimensional color ultrasound: can view the surface and fine structure of some organs of the fetus through stereoscopic imaging, especially abnormalities in small parts such as the face, hands and feet.

Fetal echocardiography: specifically used for fine screening of high-risk fetal cardiac abnormalities.

Non invasive prenatal genetic testing NIPT: Screening for fetal chromosomal related diseases, such as Down syndrome, through maternal blood testing.

Hymenocentesis or chorionic sampling: Clarifying the diagnosis of fetal genetic diseases.

4. Pregnant women should pay attention to the examination time and frequency.

The screening time for fetal abnormalities is generally divided into three stages:

11-13 weeks of early pregnancy: NT examination of the thickness of the fetal nuchal translucency can be used to preliminarily determine whether the fetus is at risk of chromosomal abnormalities.

Mid pregnancy 20-24 weeks: At this time, organ structure development is relatively complete, which is the best time for screening for systemic abnormalities. Two dimensional ultrasound is often performed in mid pregnancy. After 28 weeks of late pregnancy: If there are suspicious abnormalities in mid pregnancy or further confirmation is needed, advanced ultrasound or other examinations can be performed. Combining two-dimensional color ultrasound with other detection tools can greatly improve the accuracy of fetal malformation detection and ensure eugenics. For pregnant women, regular prenatal check ups and comprehensive screening programs are important measures to prevent pregnancy risks and ensure fetal health. If any abnormalities are found during the examination, please communicate with the obstetrician in a timely manner to further clarify the diagnosis and discuss treatment plans. Regular prenatal check ups and scientific selection of examination items are key to safeguarding fetal health. It is recommended that pregnant women choose appropriate screening techniques under the guidance of professional doctors to avoid unnecessary concerns caused by missed or overdiagnosis.