What tests should women undergo for gynecological examinations

Female gynecological examinations usually require gynecological color ultrasound, routine vaginal discharge examination, cervical cancer screening, breast examination, and six items of sex hormones. Gynecological examination can help detect gynecological diseases early, and it is recommended to choose appropriate examination items based on age and symptoms.

1. Gynecological color ultrasound

Gynecological color ultrasound can examine the structure and morphology of organs such as the uterus and ovaries, helping to detect diseases such as uterine fibroids and ovarian cysts. Transvaginal ultrasound can provide clearer observation of pelvic organs and is suitable for women who engage in sexual activity. Abdominal ultrasound requires holding urine for examination, suitable for women who have no sexual activity.

2. Routine examination of vaginal discharge

Routine examination of vaginal discharge can determine the presence of vaginal inflammation such as bacterial vaginosis and candidal infection by observing vaginal secretions under a microscope. During the examination, the doctor will use a dilator to collect secretions, which may cause slight discomfort but not pain.

3. Cervical cancer screening

Cervical cancer screening includes cervical cytology examination and human papillomavirus testing. Cervical cytology examination can detect abnormal cells, and human papillomavirus testing can identify high-risk viral infections. It is recommended that women over 21 years old or who have sexual activity undergo regular screening, and those over 30 years old can undergo a combination of two tests.

4. Breast examination

Breast examination includes doctor's palpation and breast ultrasound. Ultrasound is mainly used for women under 40 years old, and mammography is recommended for women over 40 years old. Examination can detect lesions such as breast hyperplasia, breast cysts, and breast tumors. It is recommended to conduct monthly self checks in conjunction with regular medical examinations.

5. Six items of sex hormones

The six items of sex hormones test the levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and other hormones through blood testing, which is suitable for menstrual disorders, infertility and other situations. The examination should be conducted during a specific menstrual period to evaluate ovarian function and endocrine status, and help diagnose diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome.

It is recommended to undergo a gynecological examination once a year and avoid sexual activity, vaginal flushing, and medication for 24 hours before the examination. It is not advisable to undergo gynecological examinations during menstruation, and it is best to choose 3-7 days after the end of menstruation. On the day of the examination, wear loose clothing to facilitate the examination and maintain a relaxed state to cooperate with the doctor's operation. When abnormal indicators are found, further examination or treatment should be carried out according to medical advice, and self judgment or medication should be avoided. Pay attention to keeping the external genitalia clean and dry, avoid frequent use of pads, and choose cotton breathable underwear. Establishing a healthy lifestyle, balanced diet, regular exercise, and sufficient sleep can help maintain gynecological health.