What tests are needed to check the ovaries

Ovarian examination usually requires gynecological ultrasound examination, six hormone tests, tumor marker examination, laparoscopic examination, and ovarian biopsy. These examinations can help evaluate the functional status, morphological structure, and presence of lesions of the ovaries, and the specific selection should be based on individual symptoms and doctor's advice.

1. Gynecological ultrasound examination:

This is the most basic and non-invasive examination method, which can observe the size, shape, cyst or tumor of the ovary. Abdominal ultrasound requires holding urine, while vaginal ultrasound can more clearly display ovarian details, especially suitable for observing follicular development and endometrial conditions. If abnormal echoes or lumps are found in the ovaries, the doctor will recommend further examination.

2. Six tests for sex hormones:

By testing the levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and prolactin through blood sampling, the endocrine function and reserve capacity of the ovaries can be evaluated. For example, an increase in follicle stimulating hormone levels may indicate a decrease in ovarian reserve function, while a decrease in estradiol may be associated with premature ovarian failure. This examination is usually performed on the 2nd to 4th day of the menstrual cycle.

3. Tumor marker examination:

Blood tests for cancer antigen 125, human epididymal protein 4, and other indicators can help screen for ovarian tumors. Cancer antigen 125 is often elevated in ovarian epithelial cancer, but pelvic inflammatory disease and endometriosis may also cause mild elevation. Human epididymal protein 4 is more specific, and combined detection can improve diagnostic accuracy. If the indicators are abnormal, a comprehensive judgment should be made based on imaging results.

4. Laparoscopic examination:

This is a minimally invasive surgery that involves opening a small hole in the navel and inserting a camera equipped instrument to directly observe the surface of the ovaries and pelvic cavity. It is commonly used for diagnosing unexplained pelvic pain, infertility, or suspected ovarian endometriosis cysts. If abnormalities are found during the examination, tissue sampling or cyst dissection can be performed simultaneously, but anesthesia is required and there is a risk of trauma.

5. Ovarian biopsy:

When ultrasound or blood tests strongly suspect ovarian malignancy, doctors may recommend a biopsy. Usually, under ultrasound guidance or laparoscopy, a small piece of ovarian tissue is taken with a fine needle for pathological analysis to determine the benign or malignant nature of the mass. This is the gold standard for diagnosis, but it is an invasive procedure that may cause bleeding or infection, and strict adherence to indications is necessary.

It is recommended to maintain a regular daily routine, avoid staying up late for a long time and excessive stress, and consume foods rich in high-quality protein and dietary fiber, such as fish, soy products, and fresh vegetables. If there is menstrual cycle disorder, lower abdominal distension, or unexplained lower back pain, seek medical attention promptly and choose appropriate examination items according to the doctor's advice. Do not blindly screen on your own.