What specifically does the doctor mean by psychological problems

The psychological problems referred to by doctors usually refer to abnormal states of cognition, emotion, or behavior in individuals, which may be caused by factors such as psychological stress, brain dysfunction, or mental illness. The common types include adaptation disorders, anxiety disorders, depression disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia, etc.

1. Adaptation disorders

Adaptation disorders refer to short-term emotional or behavioral disorders caused by life events, such as insomnia or low mood due to pressure such as academic advancement or unemployment. Typical manifestations include anxiety, depression, or behavioral withdrawal, with a duration generally not exceeding 6 months. Improvement can be achieved through psychological counseling and cognitive-behavioral therapy, and in severe cases, intervention with antidepressants such as paroxetine and sertraline may be necessary.

2. Anxiety disorders

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive worry and physical symptoms, including generalized anxiety, panic attacks, and other types. Patients may experience palpitations, sweating, restlessness, and some may also exhibit avoidance behavior. The onset of the disease is related to genetics and neurotransmitter imbalance, and drugs such as lorazepam tablets and buspirone tablets are commonly used for control. Combined with exposure therapy, the effect is better.

3. Depressive disorders

The core symptoms of depressive disorders are sustained low mood and decreased interest, accompanied by changes in appetite, sleep disorders, or suicidal ideation. Closely related to abnormalities in the serotonin system, antidepressants such as fluoxetine capsules and venlafaxine sustained-release tablets should be used in combination with phototherapy or social support therapy. Severe depression may require repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation intervention.

4. Personality disorders

Personality disorders are characterized by persistent and rigid behavioral patterns, such as paranoia in paranoid personalities and emotional instability in borderline personalities. This type of problem often begins in adolescence, and treatment is mainly based on dialectical behavior therapy, with the necessary combination of mood stabilizers such as quetiapine tablets. The patient's social function is often significantly impaired and requires long-term psychological rehabilitation training.

5. Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive disorders. Related to overactivity of the dopamine system, long-term use of antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine tablets and risperidone orally disintegrating tablets is necessary. Early intervention can delay functional degradation, and family therapy and occupational rehabilitation are crucial for prognosis. The daily management of psychological problems requires establishing a regular schedule, ensuring 7-9 hours of sleep per day, and engaging in 3-5 aerobic exercises such as brisk walking or swimming per week. Pay attention to supplementing foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as deep-sea fish and walnuts, to avoid high sugar diets that can exacerbate emotional fluctuations. It is recommended to regularly relieve stress through mindfulness meditation and maintain a social activity frequency of 2-3 times a week. If the symptoms persist for two weeks without relief or affect work and life, it is necessary to seek timely evaluation at a psychiatric department.