What should I do if the prothrombin time measurement is too high

Elevated prothrombin time measurement can be improved by adjusting anticoagulant drugs, supplementing vitamin K, treating liver diseases, controlling bleeding risk, and regularly monitoring coagulation function. Prolonged prothrombin time is usually caused by excessive warfarin, vitamin K deficiency, cirrhosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, genetic coagulation factor deficiency, and other reasons.

1. Adjusting anticoagulant drugs:

Taking anticoagulants such as warfarin is a common cause of high prothrombin time. Medication dosage should be adjusted under the guidance of a doctor to avoid self adjustment. When the international standardized ratio exceeds 3.0, be alert to the risk of bleeding, and if necessary, suspend medication and monitor coagulation function. During anticoagulant therapy, vigorous exercise and trauma should be avoided.

2. Supplementing with Vitamin K:

Vitamin K participates in the synthesis of coagulation factors, and deficiency can lead to prolonged prothrombin time. Vitamin K1 can be supplemented by consuming dark green vegetables such as spinach and broccoli, or by injecting vitamin K preparations according to medical advice. When there is a severe deficiency, continuous supplementation for 3-5 days is required, but warfarin users should be cautious to avoid affecting the anticoagulant effect.

3. Treatment of liver diseases:

Liver diseases such as cirrhosis can affect the synthesis of coagulation factors, leading to prolonged prothrombin time. Treatment should be targeted towards the primary disease, such as hepatoprotective drugs, antiviral therapy, etc. When accompanied by ascites or esophageal varices, bleeding should be prevented, and fresh frozen plasma should be infused to supplement coagulation factors if necessary.

4. Control bleeding risk:

When prothrombin time is significantly prolonged, spontaneous bleeding should be prevented. Avoid taking drugs such as aspirin that affect platelet function and reduce invasive procedures. When symptoms such as gum bleeding and subcutaneous bruising occur, timely medical attention should be sought. Severe bleeding requires infusion of prothrombin complex or fresh plasma.

5. Regular monitoring of coagulation function:

Long term anticoagulant therapy or chronic liver disease patients should regularly test prothrombin time and international standardized ratio. The monitoring frequency is adjusted according to the condition, once a month during the stable period, and 2-3 times a week when adjusting the drug dosage. Before testing, it is necessary to maintain a normal diet and medication regimen, and avoid vigorous exercise that may affect the results. Patients with high prothrombin time should maintain a balanced diet and moderately increase foods rich in vitamin K, such as kale and animal liver. Avoid alcohol consumption and greasy diet to increase the burden on the liver. Pay attention to preventing bumps in daily activities and use a soft bristled toothbrush to reduce the risk of gum bleeding. When severe bleeding symptoms such as headache, vomiting blood, and black stool occur, seek medical attention immediately. It is recommended to undergo comprehensive tests such as liver function and blood routine every 3-6 months to evaluate the overall coagulation status.