What medicine is effective for treating high triglycerides

High triglycerides are usually treated with drugs such as fenofibrate, atorvastatin, niacin, etc. The specific medication should be determined based on the type of dyslipidemia and comorbidities. The main influencing factors include blood lipid levels, liver function status, drug interactions, cardiovascular risk stratification, and patient tolerance.

1. Fenofibrate: As a representative drug of the beta group, Fenofibrate significantly reduces triglyceride levels by activating PPAR - α receptors, making it particularly suitable for patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. This medicine can increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but it should be noted that it may cause adverse reactions such as elevated transaminase and muscle pain. Patients with renal insufficiency need to adjust their dosage.

2. Atorvastatin: Although statins mainly lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atorvastatin has a comprehensive regulatory effect on patients with mixed hyperlipidemia. When triglyceride is slightly or moderately elevated with atherosclerosis, it can be preferred. Regular monitoring of creatine kinase and liver function is required during medication.

3. Niacin preparations:

High doses of niacin can inhibit the breakdown of adipose tissue, reduce the transport of free fatty acids to the liver, and thus reduce triglyceride synthesis. Extended release formulations can alleviate the side effects of facial flushing, but may increase the risk of insulin resistance. Suitable for lipid metabolism abnormalities mainly characterized by low HDL-C.

4. Omega-3 fatty acids:

High purity prescription grade omega-3 fatty acid ethyl ester can reduce triglycerides by 25-45%, by reducing the synthesis of very low-density lipoprotein in the liver. Be cautious of the risk of bleeding when used in combination with beta drugs, and common adverse reactions include gastrointestinal discomfort. Prohibited for individuals with seafood allergies.

3. Combination therapy:

For refractory hypertriglyceridemia, it may be necessary to combine fenofibrate with omega-3 fatty acids, or a combination of low-dose statins and fibrates. However, combination therapy increases the risk of rhabdomyolysis and must be strictly carried out under the guidance of a doctor, and muscle enzyme monitoring must be strengthened. Besides medication treatment, lifestyle intervention is the cornerstone of managing high triglycerides. It is recommended to adopt a Mediterranean dietary pattern, limit refined sugar and alcohol intake, and increase intake of foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids such as deep-sea fish and nuts. Perform 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise per week, and obese individuals need to lose 5-10% weight. Quitting smoking can improve lipid metabolism, and regular monitoring of blood lipid indicators can help evaluate intervention effectiveness. Patients with diabetes or hypertension need to control blood sugar and blood pressure at the same time.