What medication is effective for increasing airway resistance

Increased airway resistance can be alleviated by medications such as bronchodilators, glucocorticoids, anticholinergic drugs, leukotriene modulators, theophylline, etc. Elevated airway resistance is usually caused by bronchial spasms, chronic inflammation, allergic reactions, increased airway secretions, abnormal neural regulation, and other factors.

1. Bronchodilators:

β 2 receptor agonists such as salbutamol and terbutaline can rapidly relax bronchial smooth muscle and are suitable for acute attacks. Long acting preparations such as formoterol can be used for daily control. This type of drug activates the β 2 receptor on the membrane of airway smooth muscle cells, reducing intracellular calcium ion concentration and alleviating airway spasms. 2. Glucocorticoids: Inhaled corticosteroids such as budesonide and fluticasone can alleviate airway inflammation. These drugs can inhibit the aggregation of inflammatory cells and the release of inflammatory mediators, reducing airway hyperresponsiveness. Long term regular use can reduce the frequency of acute attacks and requires proper inhalation techniques.

3. Anticholinergic drugs:

ipratropium bromide can block the contractile effect of cholinergic nerves on the airway, especially for those with obvious nighttime symptoms. This drug competitively antagonizes the M3 receptor, reduces bronchial mucus secretion and smooth muscle contraction, and is often used in combination with β 2 agonists to enhance efficacy.

4. Leukotriene regulator:

Montelukast sodium reduces allergen induced airway constriction and inflammation by inhibiting cysteine leukotriene receptors. These oral medications have a preventive effect on aspirin induced airway spasms and exercise-induced asthma, and need to be taken continuously for 3-4 weeks to show significant efficacy.

5. Theophylline drugs:

Aminophylline has dual effects of bronchiectasis and anti-inflammatory by inhibiting phosphodiesterase and increasing intracellular adenosine monophosphate levels. Due to its narrow treatment window, blood drug concentration needs to be monitored to avoid adverse reactions such as arrhythmia, and it is currently mostly used as a second-line option. Patients with increased airway resistance should maintain a clean and ventilated living environment and avoid contact with allergens such as dust mites and pollen. It is recommended to engage in lung rehabilitation exercises such as abdominal breathing training. Aerobic exercise 3-5 times a week can improve lung function. Eat more citrus fruits rich in vitamin C and dark green vegetables containing magnesium, and limit dairy intake to reduce phlegm production. Strictly follow the doctor's advice to use medication in a standardized manner, regularly check lung function, and seek medical attention promptly to adjust the treatment plan if shortness of breath worsens or wakes up at night.