What items are checked by gynecological examination

gynecological examination usually refers to gynecological examination, mainly including gynecological routine examination, vaginal discharge routine examination, gynecological B-ultrasound examination, cervical cancer screening, endocrine examination and other items. These examinations help evaluate the health status of the female reproductive system and identify potential issues.

1. Routine gynecological examination:

Routine gynecological examination is a basic item, including visual and palpation of the external genitalia, vagina, cervix, uterus, and bilateral adnexa. The doctor will observe for redness, swelling, growths, or ulcers in the external genitalia, and use a speculum to examine for inflammation, polyps, or abnormal bleeding in the vagina and cervix. Through double or triple diagnosis, the size, position, texture, and tenderness of the uterus can be touched, and the ovarian and fallopian tube areas can be examined for lumps or thickening. This examination can preliminarily detect common problems such as reproductive tract infections, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, etc.

2. Routine examination of vaginal discharge:

Routine examination of vaginal discharge is conducted by taking a small amount of vaginal secretions for testing, mainly analyzing cleanliness, pH value, and the presence of pathogens such as trichomonas, mold, and clue cells. This examination can determine whether the vaginal microbiota is balanced and help diagnose common infections such as bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginitis, or vulvovaginal candidiasis. Before the examination, vaginal medication and sexual activity should be avoided to avoid affecting the accuracy of the results.

3. Gynecological B-ultrasound examination:

Gynecological B-ultrasound examination is divided into two methods: transabdominal and transvaginal, using ultrasound to observe the morphology and structure of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic cavity. Abdominal ultrasound requires holding urine, which is suitable for observing larger occupying lesions; Transvaginal ultrasound does not require holding urine and provides clearer images, allowing for more accurate detection of endometrial polyps, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, intrauterine adhesions, or early pregnancy issues. This examination is non-invasive and radiation free, and is an important means of evaluating pelvic organs.

4. Cervical cancer screening:

Cervical cancer screening mainly includes cervical liquid based thin-layer cytology examination and HPV testing. Cytological examination involves scraping off exfoliated cells from the surface of the cervix and observing their morphology under a microscope to determine the presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer cells. HPV testing is used to detect the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection, which is the main cause of cervical cancer. Combining two examinations can improve the detection rate of cervical lesions. It is recommended that women who have sexual activity undergo regular screening.

5. Endocrine examination:

Endocrine examination usually refers to six tests of sex hormones, including follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and prolactin. By testing these hormone levels through blood tests, ovarian function, ovulation status, and the presence of endocrine disorders can be evaluated. This examination is commonly used to diagnose diseases such as menstrual disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, perimenopausal syndrome, or hyperprolactinemia. It is generally recommended to conduct the examination on the 2nd to 5th day of the menstrual cycle, which can more accurately reflect the basal hormone levels. Regular gynecological examinations can help detect reproductive system diseases in a timely manner. It is recommended that women who engage in sexual activity undergo an annual examination and avoid sexual activity, vaginal medication, and baths for three days before the examination. If there are symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, increased secretions, abdominal pain, or discomfort in the external genitalia, medical attention should be sought at any time. Daily attention should be paid to keeping the perineum clean and dry, wearing breathable cotton underwear, maintaining a balanced diet and moderate exercise, which can help maintain reproductive health.