What is the routine examination for vaginal discharge

Routine vaginal discharge examination mainly evaluates the vaginal microbiota environment, including cleanliness, pathogenic microorganisms, pH value, clue cells, and amine tests.

1. Cleanliness:

Cleanliness is the basic indicator of routine vaginal discharge, which is graded by observing the number of vaginal bacteria, epithelial cells, white blood cells, and miscellaneous bacteria under a microscope. Grades I-II are within the normal range, indicating a balance of vaginal microbiota. If the result is grade III-IV, it usually indicates the presence of inflammation, which may be accompanied by external genital itching, increased vaginal discharge, or odor. Abnormal cleanliness may be related to personal hygiene habits, frequent vaginal flushing, or weakened immunity. It is recommended to keep the perineum dry and avoid using irritating washes.

2. Pathogenic microorganisms:

This project is used to detect specific pathogenic microorganisms such as trichomonas and fungi (such as Candida). Trichomonas infection often causes leucorrhea to appear yellow green foam, accompanied by obvious itching; Fungal infection manifests as tofu residue like vaginal discharge and burning pain in the external genitalia. When a pathogen is detected, medication such as metronidazole suppositories, clotrimazole vaginal tablets, or nystatin capsules should be used according to medical advice. Sexual activity should be avoided during treatment, and partners should be checked simultaneously.

3. pH value:

The normal vaginal pH value is 3.8-4.5, which is weakly acidic. An increase in pH value exceeding 4.5 is commonly seen in bacterial vaginosis or trichomonas infection. The acidic environment relies on lactobacilli to maintain, and if the pH value is abnormal, it may be disrupted by overuse of antibiotics, frequent sexual activity, or hormonal fluctuations. Daily supplementation of probiotics and reduction of sugar intake can help restore an acidic environment.

4. Clue cells:

Clue cells are a key indicator for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis. When anaerobic bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis overgrow and cover the edges of shed epithelial cells, a granular appearance is formed, indicating positive clue cells. Patients often have a fishy odor and white discharge, but the itching is mild. Treatment can use clindamycin ointment or metronidazole vaginal effervescent tablets, while avoiding excessive cleaning that can damage normal flora.

5. Amine test:

Amine test is performed by adding potassium hydroxide dropwise to vaginal discharge samples. If a fishy smell is released, it is positive and assists in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. The combination of this experiment and clue cells can improve diagnostic accuracy. Positive results indicate that anaerobic bacteria metabolize and produce amine substances, and standardized medication is needed, such as oral tinidazole tablets or the use of lactobacillus vaginal capsules to regulate the microbiota. Spicy diet should be avoided during treatment. Routine examination of vaginal discharge should avoid the menstrual period, and sexual activity, vaginal medication, and flushing should be avoided 24 hours before the examination. Pay attention to wearing cotton underwear and changing hygiene products frequently in daily life. If there is abnormal color, odor, or quantity of vaginal discharge, seek medical attention for re examination in a timely manner. Maintaining a regular schedule and moderate exercise can help maintain the stability of the vaginal microbiota.