What is the reason why gynecological examination is necessary before abortion

gynecological examination must be performed before abortion, mainly to eliminate surgical contraindications, reduce surgical risks, ensure patient safety, and avoid postoperative infections or complications. These examinations can help doctors comprehensively assess their physical condition and ensure the smooth progress of the surgery.

1. Screening for reproductive tract inflammation:

Routine vaginal discharge tests during gynecological examinations can determine the presence of reproductive tract infections such as vaginitis and cervicitis. If there is inflammation, surgical instruments entering the uterine cavity through the vagina and cervix may carry pathogenic bacteria into the uterus, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, and even tubal blockage, leading to secondary infertility. Therefore, after detecting inflammation, treatment should be given first, and surgery should be arranged after the inflammation is controlled.

2. Evaluate the position of the uterus and gestational age:

Through gynecological double diagnosis or ultrasound examination, doctors can accurately determine whether the position of the uterus is anterior, median, or posterior, as well as the size and implantation position of the gestational sac. This is crucial for selecting the appropriate surgical method and determining the direction and depth of surgical instruments entering the uterine cavity. If the position of the uterus is abnormal or the gestational age is too large, blind surgery may lead to serious complications such as uterine perforation, incomplete suction, or massive bleeding.

3. Exclude the risk of ectopic pregnancy:

B-ultrasound examination can determine whether the gestational sac is located inside the uterine cavity. If the gestational sac implants in a location outside the uterus such as the fallopian tubes, ovaries, or abdominal cavity, known as ectopic pregnancy, performing artificial abortion surgery at this time not only cannot terminate the pregnancy, but may also induce ectopic pregnancy mass rupture, causing massive intra-abdominal bleeding and endangering life. Ectopic pregnancy requires specialized treatment such as medication or laparoscopic surgery.

4. Screening for systemic diseases:

Blood routine, coagulation function, electrocardiogram and other tests can evaluate whether patients have anemia, coagulation dysfunction or cardiac dysfunction. If there is severe anemia or coagulation problems, there may be continuous bleeding during surgery; If there is heart disease, anesthesia and surgical stimulation may induce arrhythmia or heart failure. These situations need to be controlled by an internal medicine physician before surgery can be performed under close supervision.

5. Avoiding cross infection and protecting privacy:

Infectious disease screening, such as hepatitis B, syphilis, AIDS and other examinations, is to take corresponding protective measures during surgery to avoid cross infection between medical staff and other patients. At the same time, for patients with infectious diseases, hospitals will arrange specialized disinfection and isolation procedures, use disposable surgical kits, and perform special treatment on instruments after surgery to ensure a safe medical environment. Although abortion surgery has a short operation time, it still has a certain impact on women's bodies. It is recommended to rest for at least two weeks after surgery, keep the perineum clean, and refrain from sexual activity, bathing, and swimming for one month. Eat more protein rich foods such as lean meat, eggs, and soy products, supplement iron appropriately to prevent anemia, and pay attention to keeping warm to avoid fatigue and vigorous exercise. If postoperative abnormal conditions such as worsening abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding exceeding menstrual flow, or fever occur, it is necessary to return to the hospital for follow-up examination in a timely manner.