What is the probability of growth hormone side effects

The probability of side effects from growth hormone therapy is low, and most of them manifest as mild and reversible reactions. Growth hormone is a biological agent used to treat diseases such as growth hormone deficiency and idiopathic short stature in children. The probability of side effects is related to individual differences, medication dosage, treatment duration, and other factors. Common side effects include redness and swelling at the injection site, joint pain, blood sugar fluctuations, etc. Serious adverse reactions such as intracranial hypertension and femoral head slippage are relatively rare. After using growth hormone, local reactions such as skin redness, swelling, or itching are more common at the injection site, which usually resolve on their own within 1-3 days. Some patients may experience transient joint stiffness or muscle soreness, especially in the early stages of medication, which can be improved by reducing activity appropriately. A few patients will have transient blood glucose rise, especially individuals with a family history of diabetes, and blood glucose levels need to be monitored regularly. Most of these reactions can be alleviated by adjusting injection techniques, controlling exercise intensity, or short-term reduction. In rare cases, adverse reactions that require medical intervention may occur. Long term high-dose use may increase the risk of benign intracranial pressure elevation, manifested as persistent headaches, visual changes, and other symptoms. In this case, the medication should be stopped immediately and medical attention sought. Adolescent patients occasionally experience slippage of the femoral head epiphyseal plate, which is related to increased bone load during rapid growth. Early detection can be restored through immobilization and physical therapy. Temporary hypothyroidism and progression of scoliosis are also potential reactions that require close attention, but the overall incidence rate is less than one percent. During the use of growth hormone, bone age, thyroid function, blood glucose and other indicators should be regularly rechecked, and the injection site should be rotated to avoid fat atrophy. If symptoms such as persistent headaches, limited joint movement, or visual abnormalities occur, timely medical attention should be sought. Before treatment, it is necessary to complete evaluations such as pituitary MRI and hormone stimulation tests, and strictly follow medical advice to adjust the dosage, which can significantly reduce the probability of side effects.