What is the difference between low self-esteem and inferiority complex

The core difference between low self-esteem and inferiority lies in the degree and manifestation. Low self-esteem is a negative evaluation tendency towards self-worth, while inferiority is a stronger state of self denial. Low self-esteem is often manifested as persistent doubt about one's own abilities or values, but not yet complete self denial. This group of people may avoid challenges, overly rely on others' evaluations, and appear passive in social interactions, but they can still maintain basic social functions. Its formation is often related to a lack of affirmation and long-term negative feedback during childhood, which can be gradually improved through cognitive and behavioral adjustments. Typical manifestations include habitually belittling one's own achievements, being exceptionally sensitive to criticism, and attributing failures to personal flaws. Self doubt is a more severe psychological state, accompanied by deep self disgust and a sense of worthlessness. Patients may experience somatic symptoms such as social anxiety or depression, and even self harm behavior. Its root cause often involves major traumatic events or long-term pathological environments, requiring a combination of psychological counseling and medication intervention. Clinical features include extreme perfectionism, pathological comparative behavior, distorted self-awareness, and some cases may develop into avoidant personality disorder. Improving low self-esteem or inferiority requires establishing a healthy self-evaluation system, and it is recommended to accumulate successful experiences by recording positive events and setting achievable goals. Regular exercise and mindfulness practice can help alleviate anxiety, while social skills training can enhance interpersonal confidence. If symptoms continue to affect daily life, professional psychological support should be sought in a timely manner to avoid developing into more serious emotional disorders. Daily reading of psychology books or joining mutual aid groups can gradually rebuild objective self-awareness.