What is the difference between low self-esteem and inferiority complex

The core difference between low self-esteem and inferiority lies in the stability and generalization of self-evaluation. Low self-esteem manifests as a persistent doubt about one's own value, while low self-esteem is more focused on the denial of abilities in specific situations. People with low self-esteem often remain in a state of self doubt for a long time, and this negative cognition can permeate various areas of life. They may overly rely on external evaluations, and even if they achieve success, they may find it difficult to generate a sense of satisfaction. Typical manifestations include habitual devaluation of one's own value, heightened sensitivity to criticism, and avoidance of social interaction. This state is often related to emotional neglect or long-term negative feedback during childhood, and requires the reconstruction of a self-identity system through cognitive-behavioral therapy. Self doubt is more reflected in specific situations, such as feeling inadequate in public speaking, but still maintaining normal confidence in other areas. This situational self denial is usually triggered by recent experiences of failure and may be accompanied by overcompensation behaviors, such as using an aggressive attitude to conceal anxiety. Unlike low self-esteem, inferiority complex often fluctuates with situational changes and can be improved through targeted skill enhancement or successful experience accumulation. Improving both psychological states requires establishing an objective self-awareness framework. Suggest recording daily success stories to accumulate positive feedback, and practice using specific facts instead of vague self deprecation. When negative emotions continue to affect social functioning, seeking professional psychological counseling is a necessary choice. Systematic therapy can help identify distorted cognitive patterns and cultivate healthy self acceptance abilities.