What is the clinical significance of prolonged clotting time

Prolonged clotting time usually indicates coagulation dysfunction in the body, which may be caused by factors such as vitamin K deficiency, hemophilia, liver disease, anticoagulant use, or disseminated intravascular coagulation.

1. Vitamin K deficiency:

Vitamin K is a key coenzyme for the synthesis of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. Long term imbalanced diet, biliary obstruction, or broad-spectrum antibiotic use may lead to vitamin K deficiency, manifested as mild bleeding tendencies such as skin bruising and gum bleeding. It can be improved by supplementing vitamin K supplements or increasing intake of green leafy vegetables. Hemophilia: Hemophilia caused by genetic deficiency of coagulation factor VIII or IX, often manifested as spontaneous bleeding such as joint cavity bleeding and muscle hematoma. This disease requires regular infusion of coagulation factor concentrate, and severe patients may have sequelae such as joint deformities.

3. Abnormal liver function:

Liver diseases such as cirrhosis can reduce the synthesis of coagulation factors, accompanied by thrombocytopenia and fibrinolysis. In addition to prolonged clotting time, patients often present with signs such as ascites and jaundice. Treatment should be targeted at the primary disease, and fresh frozen plasma can be infused in case of severe bleeding.

4. Effects of anticoagulant drugs:

Anticoagulants such as warfarin exert their effects by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. When taking excessive medication, bleeding symptoms such as hematuria and black stool may occur. The dosage should be adjusted according to the international standardized ratio, and vitamin K should be used as an antagonist if necessary.

5. Diffuse intravascular coagulation: DIC caused by severe infections, malignant tumors, etc.

consumes a large amount of coagulation factors, manifested as bleeding in multiple parts of the body accompanied by thrombosis. Urgent treatment of the primary disease is required, along with supplementation of coagulation factors and platelets. People with abnormal coagulation function should avoid vigorous exercise and trauma, and increase their intake of vitamin K rich spinach, broccoli, and other foods in their daily diet. Regular monitoring of coagulation indicators is necessary when using anticoagulant drugs. If there are unexplained subcutaneous bruising, nosebleeds, or hematuria, medical attention should be sought promptly. Elderly patients and pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing coagulation disorders. It is recommended to undergo four coagulation tests every 6-12 months.