What is the blood test for physical examination

Physical examination blood sampling mainly checks blood routine, liver function, kidney function, blood lipids, blood glucose, blood glucose, tumor markers and other items. Blood tests are the most fundamental and important part of health checkups. By analyzing the composition of blood, the functional status of multiple systems in the body can be evaluated, helping to identify potential health problems.

1. Blood routine examination:

Blood routine examination mainly evaluates the quantity and morphology of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood. Red blood cell related indicators can reflect the presence of anemia or polycythemia; White blood cell count and classification help determine the presence of infection, inflammation, or hematological diseases; Platelet count is related to coagulation function, and abnormalities may indicate a risk of bleeding or thrombosis.

2. Liver function:

Liver function tests evaluate the metabolism, detoxification, and synthesis functions of the liver by detecting indicators such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein, and albumin. These abnormal indicators may indicate liver diseases such as liver cell damage, cholestasis, hepatitis, fatty liver, or cirrhosis.

3. Renal function:

Renal function tests mainly detect indicators such as blood creatinine, urea nitrogen, and uric acid. Blood creatinine and urea nitrogen are important indicators reflecting glomerular filtration function, and elevated levels may indicate impaired renal function; Elevated uric acid levels are closely related to hyperuricemia and gout, and long-term poor control may damage the kidneys.

4. Blood lipids:

Blood lipid tests include total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The increase of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; High density lipoprotein cholesterol, also known as good cholesterol, has a low level that increases cardiovascular risk; Increased triglycerides are associated with obesity, diabetes and pancreatitis.

5. Blood glucose:

Blood glucose examination usually detects fasting blood glucose, which is a basic indicator for screening diabetes and pre diabetes. Elevated fasting blood glucose should be alert to diabetes or abnormal glucose tolerance; If fasting blood glucose is normal but there are typical symptoms such as excessive drinking, overeating, polyuria, and weight loss, an oral glucose tolerance test may be necessary to further clarify the diagnosis.

6. Tumor markers:

Tumor marker tests include alpha fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 125, etc. Elevated alpha fetoprotein is associated with liver cancer; Elevated carcinoembryonic antigen can be seen in various malignant tumors such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and lung cancer; Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is associated with pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma; Carbohydrate antigen 125 is associated with ovarian cancer. Elevated tumor markers are not directly equivalent to cancer and require comprehensive judgment based on imaging and other examinations.

It is recommended to maintain an empty stomach for 8-12 hours before blood sampling for physical examination, avoid high-fat diet and alcohol consumption, so as not to affect the accuracy of indicators such as blood lipids and liver function. After the blood is drawn, the puncture point can be pressed normally without special care. If there are abnormalities in the examination results, it is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner, and further examination or intervention should be carried out based on specific indicators and clinical symptoms. Do not interpret or use medication on your own.