What is panic disorder and how is it treated

Panic disorder is a sudden and intense psychological disorder characterized by fear or discomfort, often accompanied by physical symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, and tremors. The treatment of panic disorder mainly includes psychological therapy, medication therapy, lifestyle adjustment, relaxation training, supportive therapy, and other methods.

1. Psychotherapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective psychological treatment for panic disorder. By identifying and changing negative thinking patterns, help patients understand the nature of panic attacks and reduce overreaction to physical symptoms. Exposure therapy can gradually expose patients to fearful situations and reduce sensitivity. Psychological therapy requires guidance from professional psychologists and usually requires multiple repetitions to be effective.

2. Medication therapy

Doctors may prescribe antidepressants such as paroxetine, sertraline, and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which can regulate the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain. Benzodiazepine drugs such as alprazolam can be used to relieve symptoms during acute attacks, but should not be used for a long time. Medication treatment must be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, and the dosage cannot be adjusted or suddenly stopped on one's own.

3. Lifestyle Adjustment

Maintaining a regular schedule can help stabilize emotional states. Moderate exercise such as walking and yoga can promote the secretion of endorphins and improve mood. Avoid excessive intake of stimulating substances such as caffeine and alcohol, which may trigger or exacerbate panic attacks. Establishing healthy eating habits and ensuring adequate sleep can help alleviate symptoms.

4. Relaxation Training

Abdominal breathing exercises can help patients control their breathing rate during attacks and alleviate symptoms of hyperventilation. The progressive muscle relaxation method relieves physical tension by alternating between tense and relaxed muscle groups. Mindfulness meditation training can help improve awareness of current experiences and reduce fear reactions to panic symptoms.

5. Supportive therapy

Participating in support groups allows patients to share their experiences and receive emotional support. Family understanding and support are important for recovery, and one should learn how to properly respond to a patient's panic attack. Establishing a stable social support network can reduce feelings of loneliness and help prevent symptom recurrence. Recording the occurrence and coping process can help doctors adjust treatment plans. Patients with panic disorder should avoid self isolation and maintain moderate social activities. Learn to recognize early warning signals, such as taking timely relaxation measures when experiencing mild palpitations or anxiety. Regular follow-up visits to evaluate treatment effectiveness and adjust treatment plans based on changes in symptoms. Establishing healthy lifestyle habits and maintaining a positive attitude can significantly improve symptoms for most patients through systematic treatment. If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention promptly and seek professional assistance.