What is mutism? What diseases does mutism occur in

Mutism is a psychological symptom characterized by a significant reduction or complete absence of language expression, commonly seen in selective mutism, depression, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and other diseases.

1. Selective mutism

Selective mutism is more common in childhood, where patients are unable to speak in specific social situations but have normal language abilities in familiar environments. This symptom is closely related to social anxiety and may be triggered by genetic factors, family interaction patterns, or psychological trauma. Behavioral therapy and family intervention are the main means of improvement, and in severe cases, anti anxiety medication can be used in conjunction with the guidance of a psychologist.

2. Depression

During severe depressive episodes, reactive silence may occur, and patients may lose their willingness to communicate due to low mood and slow thinking. This state is often accompanied by physical symptoms such as changes in appetite and sleep disorders. In addition to antidepressant medication treatment, cognitive-behavioral therapy should be combined to help patients rebuild their expressive motivation, and family members should avoid forced communication that exacerbates psychological pressure.

3. Schizophrenia

Patients with tension type schizophrenia may experience sudden silence, manifested as resistance silence and motor immobility. These symptoms are related to dopamine dysfunction in the brain and may be accompanied by delusions or hallucinations. Antipsychotic drugs are needed to control symptoms, and short-term hospitalization may be required during the acute phase. Social skills training should be coordinated during the rehabilitation phase.

4. Post traumatic stress disorder

Some patients may experience temporary aphasia after major traumatic events, which is a manifestation of psychological defense mechanisms. Commonly seen in survivors of violence or disasters, it may be accompanied by symptoms such as flashbacks and nightmares. Trauma focused therapy and stabilization techniques are basic treatments, and if necessary, sedatives can be used for a short period of time to alleviate excessive alertness.

5. Autism Spectrum Disorder

Some children with autism have developmental language disorders leading to silence, which is often accompanied by social interaction deficits and stereotyped behavior. Early behavioral intervention can improve communication skills, and alternative communication methods such as picture exchange communication systems can assist in expression. Parents need to receive professional guidance to avoid emotional problems caused by communication difficulties. The daily care of silent symptoms should maintain a quiet and stable environment to avoid excessive stimulation of patients. Family members should convey support through nonverbal means, such as physical contact or shared activities. Pay attention to supplementing foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids and B vitamins in diet. Regular sleep can help restore neurological function. It is recommended to seek medical attention from a psychiatric or psychological department as soon as possible for any sudden silence. Professional assessment can identify the cause and develop personalized plans. During the rehabilitation process, it is important to respect the patient's communication rhythm, as forcing them to speak may exacerbate psychological trauma.