What is Moniles Syndrome

Moniles syndrome generally refers to Meniere's disease, which is an inner ear disease characterized by recurrent rotational vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus, and ear stuffiness. This disease may be related to endolymphatic hydrops, immune factors, autonomic dysfunction, cochlear microcirculation disorders, genetic factors, etc. It is recommended that patients seek medical attention in a timely manner and make a clear diagnosis through audiological examination and vestibular function assessment.

1. Intralymphatic hydrops

Intralymphatic hydrops is the core pathological change of Meniere's disease, where excessive secretion or absorption of endolymphatic fluid in the labyrinth of the inner ear membrane leads to increased pressure. Patients may experience sudden dizziness accompanied by nausea and vomiting, with a duration ranging from 20 minutes to several hours. During the attack period, it is necessary to rest in bed and avoid vigorous head movements. Diuretics can be used according to medical advice to reduce water accumulation.

2. Immune factors

Some patients may experience immune reactions due to autoantibodies attacking the inner ear tissue, leading to dysfunction of vascular patterns and endothelial cells. These patients often have other autoimmune diseases, manifested as a higher frequency of dizziness attacks. Immunosuppressant therapy may alleviate symptoms, but strict monitoring of liver and kidney function is necessary.

3. Autonomic dysfunction

Imbalance in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous regulation can affect the vasomotor function of the inner ear blood vessels and induce dizziness attacks. Patients often experience worsening symptoms during emotional tension and fatigue, which may be accompanied by palpitations or sweating. It is recommended to regulate autonomic nervous system function through biofeedback training, and if necessary, use neuromodulatory drugs such as glutamate.

4. Microcirculation disorders in the cochlea

Inner ear vascular spasm or increased blood viscosity can lead to insufficient blood supply to the cochlea, causing dysfunction of hair cells. These patients often have a history of long-term smoking or hyperlipidemia, accompanied by obvious tinnitus during dizziness attacks. Medications that improve microcirculation, such as betahistine, can alleviate symptoms while also controlling underlying metabolic disorders.

5. Genetic factors

About 10% of patients exhibit familial clustering, which is associated with chromosomal specific gene mutations. These patients have a younger onset age and a higher probability of bilateral ear involvement. Genetic testing can help with early screening, but treatment is still mainly symptomatic, and if necessary, intratympanic injection of glucocorticoids should be considered. Patients with Meniere's disease should maintain a low salt diet, with a daily sodium intake controlled within 2 grams, and avoid caffeine and alcohol stimulation. It is recommended to rest in a semi recumbent position during the attack period, and vestibular inhibitors can be used to alleviate symptoms during acute dizziness. Long term management requires regular follow-up of hearing and vestibular function. Patients in the middle and late stages may consider tympanoplasty or endolymphatic sac surgery. Maintaining a regular schedule and emotional stability can help reduce the frequency of attacks, while swimming and balance training can improve vestibular compensation function.