What is mental illness and its common types

Psychological disorders refer to medical conditions that affect emotions, thinking, and behavior. Common types include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

1. Depression

Depression is characterized by sustained low mood and decreased interest, which may be related to genetics, chemical imbalances in the brain, or stress events. Patients often experience fatigue, sleep disorders, or changes in appetite, and require intervention through psychological therapy combined with medication such as fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules and escitalopram oxalate tablets.

2. Anxiety disorder

Anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive worry and physical symptoms such as palpitations and sweating, which are associated with overactivation of the amygdala. Cognitive behavioral therapy and medications such as paroxetine tablets and buspirone hydrochloride tablets can alleviate symptoms, and daily respiratory training is necessary.

3. Bipolar affective disorder

is characterized by extreme emotional fluctuations, alternating between manic and depressive periods. Lithium carbonate sustained-release tablets, sodium valproate tablets and other mood stabilizers are basic treatments that require long-term monitoring of blood drug concentration to prevent recurrence.

4. Patients with schizophrenia

exhibit positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, as well as negative symptoms such as emotional apathy, which are related to abnormalities in the dopamine system. Antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine tablets and risperidone oral solution can control symptoms, and early intervention is particularly important.

5. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

is characterized by repeated compulsive thinking and behavior, and dysfunction of the prefrontal striatal circuit may be the cause. The combination of hydrochloride sertraline tablets and exposure therapy has a significant effect, and in severe cases, deep brain stimulation surgery should be considered. Patients with psychological disorders should maintain a regular schedule and moderate exercise, and avoid alcohol intake. Family members need to learn non critical communication skills and regularly accompany follow-up visits. The social support system is crucial for rehabilitation, and community psychological service resources can effectively supplement professional treatment. If there are thoughts of self harm or worsening symptoms, it is necessary to immediately contact a psychiatrist to adjust the treatment plan.