What is mental illness

Psychological disorders refer to a type of disease in which individuals experience significant cognitive, emotional, and behavioral impairments due to the interaction of multiple factors such as biology, psychology, and social environment. Common types include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychological disorders may affect patients' daily life, social functioning, and physical health, and require professional assessment and intervention for management.

1. Depression

Depression is characterized by persistent low mood and decreased interest, often accompanied by sleep disorders, changes in appetite, and decreased attention. The onset of the disease is related to genetic susceptibility, neurotransmitter imbalance, chronic stress, and other factors. Commonly used drugs in clinical practice include fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules, escitalopram oxalate tablets, and olanzapine tablets to regulate neurological function, combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy to improve symptoms.

2. Anxiety disorder

Anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive worry and physical tension, and may present with autonomic symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, and tremors. The onset is related to overactivation of the amygdala, childhood traumatic experiences, or long-term stress. Treatment can use drugs such as sertraline hydrochloride tablets and lorazepam tablets to alleviate acute attacks, while gradually reducing sensitivity through exposure therapy.

3. Bipolar affective disorder

Bipolar affective disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of mania and depression, with heightened emotions and increased activity during the manic phase and typical depressive symptoms during the depressive phase. The etiology involves dysfunction of the dopamine system and disruption of biological rhythms. Lithium carbonate sustained-release tablets, sodium valproate tablets and other mood stabilizers are basic therapeutic drugs that need to be taken regularly for a long time to prevent recurrence.

4. Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is characterized by broken thinking, hallucinations, and delusions, which may be accompanied by social withdrawal and emotional apathy. The onset of the disease is closely related to the reduction of gray matter in the brain and abnormalities in the glutamatergic system. Antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine tablets and risperidone orally disintegrating tablets can control positive symptoms, and social skills training can help with functional recovery.

5. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is characterized by repeated compulsive thinking and behavior, such as excessive cleaning, checking, etc. Abnormal basal ganglia function and serotonin deficiency are the main pathological basis. The combination therapy of chlorpromazine hydrochloride tablets, fluvoxamine tablets and other drugs can effectively reduce the frequency of compulsive behavior.

Patients with psychological disorders should maintain a regular schedule and moderate exercise, and avoid alcohol and caffeine intake. Family members should provide emotional support and assist in monitoring symptom changes and early identification of signs of recurrence. It is recommended to have regular follow-up visits to evaluate the treatment effect, and if necessary, combine psychological counseling to improve social adaptability. If there is a tendency towards self harm or suicide or if symptoms worsen rapidly, it is necessary to immediately contact a psychiatrist to adjust the treatment plan.