What is memory impairment

Memory impairment refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by impaired information encoding, storage, or retrieval abilities due to abnormal brain function, which may be caused by factors such as Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, depression, hypothyroidism, etc.

1. Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative cause of memory impairment, characterized by forgetting recent events in the early stages, gradually developing into loss of orientation and comprehensive cognitive decline. The deposition of β - amyloid protein and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain are its pathological features, which can be delayed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil and rivastigmine. Combined with cognitive training and regular sleep patterns, it helps maintain function.

2. Cerebrovascular disease

After cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage, memory related brain areas such as the hippocampus may be damaged, manifested as sudden memory impairment accompanied by limb dysfunction. Control of basic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes is the key. Anti platelet drugs such as aspirin can prevent recurrence. Drugs such as ginkgo biloba extract to improve cerebral circulation need to be used under the guidance of doctors.

3. Traumatic brain injury

Retrograde or anterograde amnesia may occur after traumatic brain injury, and the severity is related to the impact force. During the acute phase, intracranial hematoma needs to be excluded through imaging. During the recovery phase, neurotrophic agents such as gangliosides can be used, and computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation can promote neural network reconstruction.

4. Depression

Attention disorders during depressive episodes are often mistaken for memory problems, manifested as delayed thinking and difficulty recalling. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as sertraline and fluoxetine can improve emotional symptoms, and memory function usually recovers after depression is relieved. psychological therapy combined with aerobic exercise is more effective.

5. Hypothyroidism

Insufficient thyroid hormones can lead to slowed metabolism and affect brain function, resulting in symptoms such as forgetfulness and delayed response. Sodium levothyroxine replacement therapy can effectively correct symptoms. Regular monitoring of thyroid stimulating hormone levels is important, while ensuring intake of foods rich in selenium and zinc. Maintaining a Mediterranean diet pattern and consuming foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids such as deep-sea fish and nuts in moderation can help maintain brain health. It is recommended to engage in aerobic exercise at least three times a week and establish cognitive reserves through mental activities such as reading and playing chess. If memory problems continue to worsen, it is important to seek timely medical attention from a neurology department to avoid missing the opportunity for early intervention. Family members need to patiently assist patients in establishing a memory assistance system, such as using reminder notes and fixing the placement of items.