What examination items are required for physical examination

The main examination items required for physical examination include blood routine, urine routine, liver function, kidney function, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound, etc. The specific examination items need to be adjusted based on factors such as age, gender, and medical history.

1. Blood routine

Blood routine is a basic examination item that helps screen for anemia, infections, and blood system diseases by detecting indicators such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It is not necessary to fasting before the examination, but it is necessary to avoid immediate blood collection after intense exercise.

2. Routine urinalysis

Routine urinalysis can reflect the health status of the urinary system, detect indicators such as urine protein, urine sugar, occult blood, and assist in diagnosis of nephritis, urinary tract infection, diabetes and other diseases. Collecting mid morning urine is more accurate, and women should avoid their menstrual period.

3. Liver function

Liver function tests include indicators such as transaminase, bilirubin, albumin, etc., which are used to evaluate liver metabolism and detoxification function, screen for diseases such as hepatitis and fatty liver. Fasting for 8-12 hours is required, and alcohol and high-fat diet should be avoided for 3 days before the examination.

4. Renal function

Renal function examination evaluates renal filtration function through indicators such as creatinine and urea nitrogen, and early detection of chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and kidney damage. Before the examination, it is necessary to avoid a high protein diet. Some medications may affect the results, and the doctor should be informed in advance.

5. Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram can record cardiac electrical activity and screen for diseases such as arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, and myocardial infarction. During the examination, it is necessary to maintain calm breathing, avoid tension or limb movement, and remove metal jewelry in advance.

6. Chest X-ray

Chest X-ray can observe the structure of the lungs, heart, and mediastinum, and assist in the diagnosis of diseases such as pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pulmonary nodules. Pregnant or preconception women should inform their doctors in advance and cooperate with breath holding and removal of metal objects during the examination.

7. Abdominal ultrasound

Abdominal ultrasound can non invasively examine organs such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys, and detect lesions such as fatty liver, gallstones, and renal cysts. Fasting for at least 8 hours is required, and avoid foods that produce gas one day before the examination. After the physical examination, lifestyle adjustments should be made based on the results, such as balanced diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction. If abnormal indicators are found, timely re examination or specialized treatment should be sought to avoid self interpretation or delayed treatment. It is recommended to undergo a comprehensive physical examination once a year, and high-risk individuals may increase the frequency of examinations as appropriate.