What can be checked by transvaginal ultrasound

Vaginal ultrasound is mainly used to examine the structure and functional status of female reproductive organs such as uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic cavity, as well as early pregnancy and some gynecological diseases. The specific examination scope mainly includes uterine morphology and endometrial condition, ovarian size and follicular development, fallopian tube abnormalities, pelvic fluid or mass, and early pregnancy related structures.

1. Uterine morphology and endometrial condition:

Negative color ultrasound can clearly display the size, position, morphology, and uniformity of the uterine muscle layer. For the endometrium, evaluating its thickness and uniformity of echo can help determine the presence of endometrial polyps, submucosal fibroids, adenomyosis, or endometrial hyperplasia. For example, when the thickness of the endometrium is abnormal or the echo is uneven, it may indicate the need for further investigation of endometrial lesions.

2. Ovarian size and follicular development:

Negative ultrasound can accurately measure the length and width of the ovary, observe whether there are physiological cysts such as follicular cysts or corpus luteum cysts, as well as pathological cysts such as chocolate cysts or teratomas inside the ovary. Meanwhile, during the process of preparing for pregnancy or assisted reproduction, doctors often use it to monitor the dynamic process of follicle growth and discharge, and evaluate ovarian reserve function.

3. Tubal abnormalities: Although transvaginal ultrasound usually cannot directly display the entire lumen of the fallopian tubes, when there is hydrosalpinx or pus accumulation in the fallopian tubes, a long strip or sausage like hypoechoic or hypoechoic area can be observed in one or both adnexal regions under ultrasound. This indirect sign suggests the possibility of tubal inflammation or adhesions, which needs to be further judged based on clinical symptoms.

4. Pelvic fluid accumulation or mass:

Negative color ultrasound can sensitively detect whether there is abnormal fluid accumulation in the pelvic cavity, as well as the amount and nature of fluid accumulation. For cystic, solid, or mixed cystic and solid masses in the pelvic cavity, such as ovarian cysts, ovarian tumors, or pelvic abscesses, ultrasound can provide information on their size, boundaries, internal echoes, and blood flow signals to help doctors make preliminary judgments on benign or malignant tendencies.

5. Early pregnancy and intrauterine structure:

In early pregnancy, transvaginal ultrasound can detect gestational sac, yolk sac, and fetal heartbeat earlier than abdominal ultrasound, and usually confirm intrauterine pregnancy about a week earlier than abdominal ultrasound. It can also assess cervical canal length and screen for the risk of cervical incompetence. In addition, transvaginal ultrasound can also provide accurate positioning information for whether the position of the intrauterine device is normal.

It is recommended to empty the bladder before performing a negative color ultrasound and relax the body during the examination to reduce discomfort. After the examination, pay attention to keeping the perineum clean and avoid vigorous exercise on the same day. If abnormalities are found during the examination, a report should be brought to consult a gynecologist. The doctor will develop a follow-up diagnosis and treatment plan based on the specific results and symptoms, without excessive nervousness.