What are the types of psychological disorders

Psychological disorders are mainly divided into neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, bipolar and related disorders, depression disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, trauma and stress-related disorders, dissociative disorders, somatic symptoms and related disorders, feeding and eating disorders, excretory disorders, sleep wake disorders, sexual dysfunction, gender dysphoria, destructive impulse control and conduct disorders, substance related and addictive disorders, neurocognitive disorders, personality disorders, and sexual dysfunction.

1. Neurodevelopmental disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders usually occur in childhood or adolescence, mainly manifested as intellectual disability, communication disorders, autism spectrum disorders, etc. This type of disease may be related to genetic factors, pregnancy infections, or exposure to environmental toxins. Early interventions such as behavioral therapy and special education training can help improve symptoms, and some patients may require medication such as methylphenidate sustained-release tablets and atomoxetine capsules.

2. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are characterized by severe imbalances in thinking, perception, emotion, and behavior, including symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and speech disorders. The pathogenesis involves abnormalities in the dopamine system and changes in brain structure. The treatment requires long-term use of antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine tablets and risperidone oral solution, combined with psychological and social rehabilitation training.

3. Bipolar and related disorders

Bipolar disorders are characterized by alternating emotional changes between manic or hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes. Genetic factors and neurotransmitter imbalance are the main causes. Medications that stabilize emotions, such as lithium carbonate sustained-release tablets and sodium valproate tablets, should be used in conjunction with cognitive-behavioral therapy to prevent recurrence.

4. Depressive disorders

Depressive disorders are characterized by persistent low mood and decreased interest, often accompanied by changes in sleep and appetite. The onset of the disease is related to genetics, neuroendocrine changes, and psychosocial factors. Common treatments include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as sertraline tablets and fluoxetine capsules, combined with psychotherapy.

5. Anxiety disorders

Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, etc., manifested as excessive worry and physical symptoms. It may be related to overactivation of the amygdala. The treatment uses benzodiazepines such as alprazolam tablets, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as paroxetine tablets, and psychological interventions such as exposure therapy. The treatment of psychological disorders requires personalized plans based on specific types, and most require a combination of medication and psychological therapy. Maintaining a regular schedule, moderate exercise, and balanced diet can help improve symptoms. Family members should learn about disease-related knowledge, provide social support, and avoid discrimination and overprotection. When psychological symptoms persist for more than two weeks and affect daily life, it is recommended to seek timely evaluation at a psychiatric department.