What are the types of mental illnesses included

Mental illnesses mainly include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. These diseases may be caused by various factors such as genetic factors, environmental stress, imbalance of brain chemicals, traumatic experiences, or chronic diseases, and usually manifest as symptoms such as emotional abnormalities, cognitive dysfunction, or behavioral disorders.

1. Depression

Depression is characterized by sustained low mood and loss of interest, which may be accompanied by sleep disorders, changes in appetite, or suicidal tendencies. The onset of the disease is related to an imbalance of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, and some patients have a familial genetic predisposition. Commonly used drugs in clinical practice, such as fluoxetine hydrochloride and escitalopram oxalate, regulate neurological function and improve symptoms with cognitive-behavioral therapy.

2. Anxiety disorder

Anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive worry and somatic symptoms, such as palpitations or sweating. Long term stress or thyroid dysfunction may trigger diseases. The treatment uses drugs such as paroxetine hydrochloride to alleviate acute attacks, while behavioral interventions such as respiratory training are required.

3. Bipolar affective disorder

The characteristic of bipolar affective disorder is the alternating fluctuation of emotions between depression and mania. Emotional stabilizers such as lithium carbonate and sodium valproate can control the frequency of seizures, and patients need to maintain a regular sleep schedule to avoid triggering symptoms by stimulating factors.

4. Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia presents positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, as well as negative symptoms such as emotional apathy. Antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine and risperidone can regulate the dopamine system, and social skills training can help improve patients' social functioning.

5. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder patients may fall into a cycle of repetitive behavior or invasive thinking. The combination of drugs such as sertraline hydrochloride and exposure therapy can gradually reduce patients' dependence on compulsive behavior, and family support is crucial for rehabilitation. Patients with mental illnesses should maintain a balanced diet and moderate exercise, as deep-sea fish contain omega-3 fatty acids that aid in nerve repair. Suggest that family members learn nonviolent communication skills and create a low-pressure environment for patients. Regularly follow up to adjust treatment plans and avoid stopping medication without authorization, which can lead to recurrent symptoms. Society should eliminate discrimination against mental illness, and early intervention can significantly improve prognosis.