What are the types of mental illnesses

Psychiatric disorders are mainly divided into schizophrenia spectrum disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, organic mental disorders, and other types. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are characterized by abnormal thinking and perception, mood disorders are mainly manifested as sustained emotional abnormalities, anxiety disorders are centered around excessive worry and fear, personality disorders involve persistent behavioral pattern abnormalities, and organic mental disorders are caused by brain damage or illness.

1. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders include subtypes such as schizophrenia and schizophrenia affective disorders, and patients may experience symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and speech disorders. This type of disease is related to dysfunction of neurotransmitters in the brain, and some patients may have cognitive impairment. Early intervention can help improve prognosis, and treatment should be combined with antipsychotic drugs and psychosocial support.

2. Mood disorders

Mood disorders include depression, bipolar disorder, etc., manifested as sustained low mood or intense emotional fluctuations. The combined effects of biological factors such as genetic susceptibility and environmental stress may lead to the onset of the disease. Standardized treatment includes mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and other medications combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy. Severe cases require hospitalization.

3. Anxiety disorders

Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, etc., characterized by pathological anxiety and avoidance behavior. Patients often have symptoms of autonomic hyperfunction, which are related to genetic factors and psychological trauma. The treatment uses anti anxiety drugs combined with exposure therapy, and mindfulness training can help alleviate symptoms.

4. Personality disorders

Personality disorders are classified into paranoid, borderline, antisocial, and other types, manifested as maladaptive persistent behavioral patterns. These types of disorders often begin in adolescence and are related to the upbringing environment and innate traits. The focus of treatment is on long-term psychological therapy to improve interpersonal function, and in severe cases, emotional regulation drugs need to be used.

5. Organic Mental Disorders

Organic mental disorders are caused by traumatic brain injury, cerebrovascular disease, or neurodegenerative changes, and may present with symptoms such as dementia and delirium. Diagnosis requires a combination of imaging examinations and neuropsychological assessments. At the same time as treating the primary disease, symptomatic treatment of mental symptoms is necessary, and rehabilitation training can help maintain function. Patients with mental illnesses should maintain a regular schedule and moderate exercise, and avoid stimulants such as alcohol and drugs. Family members need to learn disease-related knowledge and cooperate with professional treatment plans. Social support is crucial for rehabilitation, and community rehabilitation services can help patients gradually recover their social functions. Regular follow-up visits can help adjust treatment plans in a timely manner, and most mental illnesses can achieve symptom control through standardized treatment.