What are the symptoms of borderline personality disorder

Borderline personality disorder is a mental disorder characterized by emotional instability, interpersonal conflicts, and self-identity confusion, mainly manifested as symptoms such as intense emotional fluctuations, fear of abandonment, impulsive behavior, and self harm tendencies. Borderline personality disorder may be related to genetic factors, childhood trauma, brain dysfunction, family environment, social and psychological factors, and requires intervention through psychological therapy, medication, and other methods. It is recommended that patients seek timely medical attention at a mental health department and have a professional doctor evaluate and develop an individualized treatment plan.

1. Emotional instability

Patients often switch rapidly between extreme states such as anger, anxiety, and depression, and may experience strong emotional reactions due to small stimuli that last for hours to days. This emotional disorder is related to overactivation of the amygdala and abnormal regulation of the prefrontal cortex. Dialectical behavior therapy in psychotherapy can help patients identify emotional triggers and learn emotional regulation skills. In terms of medication, doctors may prescribe olanzapine tablets, lamotrigine tablets, or sertraline tablets to stabilize emotions based on symptoms.

2. Interpersonal Relationship Conflict

Patients are extremely sensitive to others' evaluations and often fall into a polarized cognition of idealization and belittling, leading to severe fluctuations in intimate relationships. Perhaps due to the fear of being abandoned, there may be excessive dependence or preemptive alienation behavior. Empathy focused therapy can help improve interpersonal patterns by analyzing the projection mechanisms in doctor-patient interactions to reconstruct relational cognition. The accompanying anxiety symptoms can be considered for adjuvant treatment with alprazolam tablets or quetiapine tablets.

3. Self identification confusion

Patients exhibit significant and sustained instability in their self-image, career goals, or values, manifested by sudden changes in their life plans, frequent changes in their identification, etc. This is related to abnormal functional connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Psychological basic treatment can enhance self-awareness and improve accompanying depressive symptoms when combined with antidepressants such as escitalopram oxalate tablets.

4. Impulsive behavior

may involve reckless behaviors such as substance abuse, overeating, dangerous driving, and self harm, often occurring during emotional breakdowns. This type of behavior is associated with dysfunction of the reward system in the nucleus accumbens and low levels of serotonin. The emergency intervention plan should include environmental safety management, the use of sodium valproate sustained-release tablets to regulate impulse control function, and the use of naltrexone tablets to reduce addictive behavior.

5. Dissociation and Self Injury

Under severe stress, dissociation symptoms such as loss of sense of reality and personality disintegration may occur, or emotional pain may be relieved through self injury behaviors such as cuts and burns. The treatment plan needs to integrate post-traumatic stress disorder management techniques, such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy. In response to the self injury crisis, doctors may use haloperidol tablets for short-term symptom control and establish a safety contract to replace self injury behavior. Patients with borderline personality disorder need to maintain a stable daily routine and moderate exercise, such as 30 minutes of aerobic exercise per day, which can help stabilize their emotions. It is recommended that family members participate in the treatment process, learn effective communication skills, and avoid critical and accusatory language. Adding deep-sea fish, nuts, and other foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids to the diet may help regulate the nervous system. Regular follow-up visits should be conducted to evaluate the treatment effect. In case of acute exacerbation of symptoms, the attending physician should be contacted immediately or the emergency department should be visited for treatment.