What are the symptoms and characteristics of psychological disorders

The symptoms of psychological disorders mainly include cognitive dysfunction, emotional disorders, changes in willpower and behavior, somatic symptoms, and impaired social functioning.

1. Cognitive dysfunction

Cognitive dysfunction is one of the common core symptoms of psychological disorders, mainly manifested as difficulty concentrating, decreased memory, delayed thinking, or abnormal thinking content. Patients may feel that their minds are not clear, their thinking is laborious, and their learning or work efficiency is significantly reduced. In terms of thinking content, there may be unrealistic delusions such as paranoid ideation, relational delusions, or recurrent and uncontrollable compulsive thinking. These cognitive changes will directly affect patients' judgment and adaptability to the real world.

2. Emotional disorders

Emotional disorders are the most direct manifestation of psychological disorders, covering abnormalities in the intensity, duration, and nature of emotional experiences. Patients may experience sustained and disproportionate emotional lows, decreased interest, and lack of pleasure, manifested as typical depressive states. There may also be tension, worry, fear, and unease without a clear object and content, known as anxiety state. Some patients may also exhibit emotional instability, irritability, or slow and indifferent emotional responses, lacking the necessary emotional resonance with external stimuli.

III. Changes in Willful Behavior

Willful behavior changes involve significant changes in individual motivation and behavioral patterns. In terms of volitional activity, it may manifest as a decrease in willpower, such as laziness in life, unwillingness to work or study, and social withdrawal; Or manifested as increased willpower, such as repeatedly engaging in meaningless activities under the domination of certain delusions. Behavioral changes are more apparent, including delayed or reduced movements, or psychomotor agitation such as fidgeting, rubbing hands and feet. In severe cases, there may be aggressive behavior that harms oneself or others, self harming behavior, or bizarre behavior that completely violates social norms.

Fourth, Somatic Symptoms

Somatic symptoms refer to psychological problems manifested in the form of physical discomfort, and medical examinations often fail to detect organic lesions. Common symptoms include various, recurring, and frequently changing physical discomforts, such as chronic pain, dizziness, palpitations, chest tightness, gastrointestinal discomfort, abnormal skin sensations, etc. These symptoms are not intentionally disguised by patients, and their discomfort is real and often leads to patients repeatedly seeking medical attention in various departments of comprehensive hospitals, undergoing extensive examinations without obtaining a clear diagnosis, consuming a large amount of medical resources and exacerbating patients' pain and confusion.

V. Social Function Impairment

Social function impairment is an important consequence of psychological disorders, which refers to the decline in abilities or loss of functions in social roles such as learning, career, interpersonal communication, and family life due to the influence of symptoms. Patients may not be able to persist in completing academic or work tasks, have tense or distant relationships with family, colleagues, and friends, avoid social situations, and have difficulty fulfilling their responsibilities as family members. The degree of impairment of social function is a key indicator for evaluating the severity of psychological disorders and rehabilitation outcomes. Long term severe decline in social function can seriously affect the quality of life of patients and impose a burden on families and society. Identifying the symptom characteristics of psychological disorders can aid in early detection and intervention. When individuals or those around them exhibit the above characteristics for a period of time, which have a significant impact on daily life, they should actively seek professional help. You can go to the psychiatric or psychological department of a regular hospital for evaluation. Psychological therapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, supportive psychotherapy, and following medical advice to use medications such as sertraline hydrochloride tablets, escitalopram oxalate tablets, olanzapine tablets, etc. are all effective intervention methods. At the same time, understanding, support, and acceptance from families and society are crucial for creating a stable and inclusive rehabilitation environment for patients, which is essential for their recovery from illness. Maintaining a regular schedule, balanced nutrition, and moderate physical exercise can also help maintain mental health.